Treatments for Flu
Treatments for Flu
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Flu
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
- Rest
- Fluids
- Antibiotics - not for the flu itself, but either treating or preventing secondary bacterial infections and other complication of flu.
- Symptomatic relief: various medications help in the headache and other symptoms of flu:
- Antiviral medications
- Tamiflu® (oseltamivir)
- Relenza® (zanamivir)
- Flumadine® (rimantadine)
- Symmetrel® (amantadine)
- Antiviral medications may reduce the severity and duration of symptoms in some cases. Rest and fluids aid recovery. Medications may be used to alleviate symptoms such as pain, fever and nasal congestion. Regular flu shots can prevent influenza infections
Flu: Is the Diagnosis Correct?
The first step in getting correct treatment is
to get a correct diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis list for Flu may include:
Flu: Research Doctors & Specialists
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Drugs and Medications used to treat Flu:
Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Flu include:
- Carbetapentane and Pseudoephedrine
- Respi-Tann
- Chorpheniramine and Acetaminophen
- Coricidin HBP Cold and Flu
- Oseltamivir
- Tamiflu
Latest treatments for Flu:
The following are some of the latest treatments for Flu:
Hospital statistics for Flu:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Flu:
- 1.03% (131,593) of hospital episodes were for influenza and pneumonia in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 67% of hospital consultations for influenza and pneumonia required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 51% of hospital episodes for influenza and pneumonia were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 49% of hospital episodes for influenza and pneumonia were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 93% of hospital admissions for influenza and pneumonia required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- more hospital information...»
Hospitals & Medical Clinics: Flu
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More general information, not necessarily in relation to Flu,
on hospital and medical facility performance and surgical care quality:
Medical news summaries about treatments for Flu:
The following medical news items
are relevant to treatment of Flu:
Discussion of treatments for Flu:
New Flu Drugs Neuraminidase Inhibitors, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID (Excerpt)
In
1999, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new drugs
to fight the flu: zanamivir (Relenza®) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu®),
the first of a new class of antiviral drugs called neuraminidase
inhibitors.
(Source: excerpt from New Flu Drugs Neuraminidase Inhibitors, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID)
New Flu Drugs Neuraminidase Inhibitors, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID (Excerpt)
Zanamivir is approved
only for treating uncomplicated influenza virus
infection in people 7 years of age and older who have not had
symptoms for more than two days.
Oseltamivir is approved for
treating uncomplicated influenza virus infection in
people 18 years of age or older who have not had symptoms for more
than two days. A liquid suspension of oseltamivir is approved for
treating acute illness in children who are 1 year
of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two
days. Oseltamivir also is approved for preventing
influenza A and B in people 13 years and older.
Currently,
oseltamivir is the only neuraminidase inhibitor approved to
prevent the flu. (Source: excerpt from New Flu Drugs Neuraminidase Inhibitors, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID)
The Flu, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID (Excerpt)
Many people treat their
flu infections by simply
- Resting in bed
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Taking over-the-counter medicine such as aspirin or
acetaminophen (Tylenol®, for example)
You
should
not give aspirin to children and adolescents who have the
flu.
You
should not take antibiotics to
treat the flu because they do not work on viruses. Antibiotics only
work against some infections caused by
bacteria.
Medicine for
Treatment If you do get the flu and want to
take medicine to treat it, your doctor may prescribe one of four
available antiviral medicines:
- Tamiflu® (oseltamivir) helps adults 18 years
and older and Relenza® (zanamivir) helps adults
and children 7 years and older who have an uncomplicated flu
infection and who have had symptoms for no more than two days. FDA
recently approved Tamiflu® for use in children 1 year of age and
older who have had symptoms for no more than two days. Both treat
influenza type A and type B infections.
- Flumadine® (rimantadine) helps adults who
have influenza type A virus infections. It has no effect on
influenza type B virus infections.
- Symmetrel® (amantadine) can be taken by
adults and children who are 1 year of age and older to prevent and
treat type A or type B influenza virus infections. Amantadine,
however, is more likely to cause side effects such as
lightheadedness and inability to sleep more often than is
rimantadine.
To work well, you must take these medicines
within 48 hours after the flu begins. They reduce the length or time
fever and other symptoms last and allow you to return to your daily
routine quicker. (Source: excerpt from
The Flu, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID)
Shots for Safety - Age Page - Health Information: NIA (Excerpt)
The flu shot is the primary method of preventing and controlling
the flu. However, four drugs have been approved to treat people who
get the flu: amantadine (Symmetrel), rimantadine (Flumadine),
zanamivir (Relenza), and oseltamivir (Tamiflu). When taken within 48
hours after the onset of illness, these drugs reduce the duration of
fever and other symptoms. These drugs are available only by
prescription. (Source: excerpt from Shots for Safety - Age Page - Health Information: NIA)
What to Do About the Flu - Age Page - Health Information: NIA (Excerpt)
If you get the flu, rest in bed, drink plenty of fluids, and take
medication such as aspirin or acetaminophen to relieve fever and
discomfort. (Source: excerpt from What to Do About the Flu - Age Page - Health Information: NIA)
What to Do About the Flu - Age Page - Health Information: NIA (Excerpt)
Antibiotics are not effective against flu viruses. However, four
drugs have been approved to treat people who get the flu:
amantadine (Symmetrel)
rimantadine (Flumadine)
zanamivir (Relenza)
oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
When taken within 48 hours after the onset of illness, these
drugs reduce the duration of fever and other symptoms. These drugs
are only available by prescription (Source: excerpt from What to Do About the Flu - Age Page - Health Information: NIA)
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Flu
Treatments of Flu: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the treatments of Flu.
Fever:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Initial treatment of fever includes antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs)
-
Infection should be treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy and tailored as antibiotic sensitivities are identified
–Many cases of deep-seated infection or abscess require percutaneous or surgical drainage
-
Fever due to malignancy will usually regress with surgical debulking, chemotherapy, and/or radiation directed at the primary tumor
-
Rheumatologic disorders may require NSAIDs, steroids, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, or other cytotoxic agents
-
Dantrolene for malignant hypothermia
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Sore Throat:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Viral pharyngitis: Treat symptomatically with hydration, decongestants, saline nasal spray, analgesics, and rest
-
Strep pharyngitis: Appropriate antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, erythromycin) and symptomatic treatment with analgesics
-
Mononucleosis: Symptomatic treatment with analgesics; limit contact sports if splenomegaly is present
–Hospitalization in patients with encephalitis, airway compromise, or dehydration due to nausea/vomiting secondary to hepatitis
-
Allergic pharyngitis: Antihistamines, nasal steroids
-
Foreign body: Protect airway; removal by ENT doctor
-
GERD: H2 blockers (e.g., ranitidine) or proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole), elevate head of bed, weight loss, small meals
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Rash with Fever:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Supportive management and thorough evaluation for multisystem disease is imperative in this patient subset.
-
Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for RMSF, while ceftriaxone is commonly used for meningococcal therapy; because these two diseases can present similarly and rapidly evolve, many clinicians empirically treat with both of these antibiotics until the diagnosis is confirmed
-
Unfortunately, a complete discussion of fever and rash is far beyond the scope of this brief excerpt; the importance of rapid and accurate assessment of every patient presenting with this complaint cannot be overemphasized; rule out the most serious diagnoses first, then “a watch and wait” approach may be considered
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Sore Throat:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Viral causes
–Supportive care including hydration, acetaminophen or ibuprofen, bedrest, salt water rinses
–Steroids may be considered to minimize upper airway obstruction
-
Antibiotics for bacterial etiologies
–For group A β-hemolytic strep: Shortens duration of symptoms and prevents rheumatic fever
-
Consider inpatient admission when there is concern about adequate airway or oral intake
-
Airway management: Intubation or tracheotomy
-
When gastroesophageal reflux is suspected, treatment may include dietary changes, antireflux therapy
-
Adenotonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis is considered depending on frequency of recurrence, i.e., 6–7 infections/year, or 4–5 infections/year for 2 years, or 3 infections/year for 3 years
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Cyclic:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
PFAPA
–Single dose prednisone with the onset of symptoms
–Prophylactic cimetidine and tonsillectomy have been
tried to prevent recurrences
-
Cyclic neutropenia
–Life-long therapy with GCSF decreases risk of infection
-
Familial Mediterranean fever
–Daily colchicine to prevent attacks and amyloidosis
-
Hyper-IgD
–Prednisone and colchicine have been used
–Even without treatment, attacks decrease with age
-
TRAPS
–Prednisone and etanercept have been reported to be effective
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Recurrent:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Repeated viral illnesses
–Reassurance of the parents
–Advice on antipyretics
–Encourage fluid intake
–Limit of sick exposure if possible
-
UTI
–Antibiotics based on bacteria and sensitivity
–Prophylactic antibiotics if underlying cause is present
-
-
-
Bacterial infections: Bacteria-specific antibiotic
-
JRA, Behçet, or IBD
–Prednisone or immunosuppressive medications
-
TRAPS
–Prednisone and etanercept
-
Familial cold urticaria and Muckle-Wells syndrome
–Prednisone may be used
–If amyloidosis is present, colchicine may be required
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Unknown Origin:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Specific treatment once diagnosis is made
-
Empiric treatment with antibiotics is to be considered only for critically ill patients
-
Empiric steroids may be justified only if Still disease is suspected
-
Anti-inflammatory agents are sometimes used for a limited period of time and subsequently the patient is observed for recurrence of the fever
-
Cessation of offending drugs
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Acute:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Treating febrile episodes is common despite substantial evidence that fever is more beneficial than harmful; exception is patient with history of febrile seizures
-
Antipyretics are relatively safe drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce hypothalamic set point to normal
-
Acetaminophen is safest antipyretic for young children
-
Aspirin must be avoided (risk of Reye syndrome)
-
NSAIDs are potent antipyretics and have antiinflammatory effects
-
Physical methods (cooling blankets, lukewarm baths) may be counterproductive if not combined with an antipyretic; alcohol baths are not recommended
-
Most viral syndromes are self-limited, requiring only antipyretics and increased fluid intake for risk of dehydration
-
Empiric treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization recommended only in neonates and critically ill patients
>>>>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F, take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a cooling blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Influenza:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of uncomplicated influenza includes bed rest, adequate fluid intake, aspirin or acetaminophen (in children) to relieve fever and muscle pain, and dextromethorphan or another antitussive to relieve nonproductive coughing. Prophylactic antibiotics aren't recommended because they have no effect on the influenza virus.
Amantadine and rimantadine (antiviral agents) have proven to be effective in reducing the duration of signs and symptoms of influenza A infection.Oseltamivir and zanamivir are effective against influenza A and B infection. In influenza complicated by pneumonia, supportive care (fluid and electrolyte supplements, oxygen, and assisted ventilation) and treatment of bacterial superinfection with appropriate antibiotics are necessary. No specific therapy exists for cardiac, central nervous system, or other complications.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Haemophilus influenzae infection:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
H. influenzae infections usually respond to a course of ampicillin, cefotaxime, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, or ceftriaxone as an initial treatment, although resistant strains are becoming more common. As an alternative, a combination of chloramphenicol and ampicillin is prescribed. If the strain proves susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol is discontinued.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Colorado tick fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
After correct removal of the tick, supportive treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, combating secondary infection, and maintaining fluid balance. Colorado tick fever needs to be differentiated from Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Lassa fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of Lassa fever includes I.V. ribavirin, I.V. colloids for shock, analgesics for pain, and antipyretics for fever. Infusion of immune plasma from patients who have recovered from Lassa fever may be useful, but test results on the benefit of this type of therapy are inconclusive.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Relapsing fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Doxycycline or erythromycin is the treatment of choice and should continue for 4 to 5 days. In cases of drug allergy or resistance, penicillin G may be administered as an alternative. However, neither drug should be given at the height of a severe febrile attack because it may cause Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, resulting in malaise, rigors, leukopenia, flushing, fever, tachycardia, rising respiration rate, and hypotension. This reaction, which is caused by toxic by-products from massive spirochete destruction, can mimic septic shock and may prove fatal. Antimicrobial therapy should be postponed until the fever subsides. Until then, supportive therapy (consisting of parenteral fluids and electrolytes) should be given.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Effective management eradicates the streptococcal infection, relieves symptoms, and prevents recurrence, reducing the chance of permanent cardiac damage. During the acute phase, treatment includes penicillin, sulfadiazine, or erythromycin. Salicylates such as aspirin relieve fever and minimize joint swelling and pain; if carditis is present or salicylates fail to relieve pain and inflammation, corticosteroids may be used. Supportive treatment requires strict bed rest for about 5 weeks during the acute phase with active carditis, followed by a progressive increase in physical activity, depending on clinical and laboratory findings and the response to treatment.
After the acute phase subsides, low-dose antibiotics may be used to prevent recurrence. Such preventive treatment usually continues for 5 years or until age 21 (whichever is longer). Heart failure necessitates continued bed rest and diuretics. Severe mitral or aortic valve dysfunction that causes persistent heart failure requires corrective valvular surgery, including commissurotomy (separation of the adherent, thickened leaflets of the mitral valve), valvuloplasty (inflation of a balloon within a valve), or valve replacement (with prosthetic valve). Such surgery is seldom necessary before late adolescence.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rocky Mountain spotted fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment requires careful removal of the tick and administration of antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol or tetracycline (preferably doxycycline), until 3 days after the fever subsides. Treatment also includes symptomatic measures and, in DIC, heparin and platelet transfusion.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Fever [Pyrexia]:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F (41.1° C), take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a cooling blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Influenza:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Uncomplicated influenza is treated with bed rest, adequate fluid intake, aspirin or acetaminophen (in children) to relieve fever and muscle pain, and guaifenesin or another expectorant to relieve nonproductive coughing. Prophylactic antibiotics aren’t recommended because they have no effect on the influenza virus.
Amantadine and rimantadine (antiviral drugs) have proven effective in reducing the duration of signs and symptoms in influenza A infection. The neuramidase inhibitors zamivir and oseltamivir are available for influenza A and B. If influenza is complicated by pneumonia, supportive care (fluid and electrolyte supplements, oxygen, and assisted ventilation) and treatment of bacterial superinfection with appropriate antibiotics are necessary. No specific therapy exists for cardiac, central nervous system, or other complications.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Haemophilus influenzae infection:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
H. influenzae infections usually respond to a 2-week course of ampicillin, but 30% of strains are resistant. Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or chloramphenicol is used concurrently until sensitivities are identified.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Effective management eradicates the streptococcal infection, relieves symptoms, and prevents recurrence, reducing the chance of permanent cardiac damage.
Treatment in acute phase
During the acute phase, treatment includes low doses of antibiotics, such as penicillin, sulfadiazine, or erythro-mycin. Salicylates, such as aspirin, can help relieve fever and minimize joint swelling and pain; if carditis is present or the salicylate fails to relieve pain and inflammation, corticosteroids may be used.
Supportive treatment requires strict bed rest for about 5 weeks during the acute phase with active carditis, followed by a progressive increase in physical activity, depending on clinical and laboratory findings and the patient’s response to treatment.
Preventive treatment
After the acute phase subsides, the patient is maintained on low-dose antibiotic therapy, especially during the first 3 to 5 years after the initial episode of rheumatic fever, to prevent recurrence. Such preventive treatment usually continues for 5 to 10 years.
Surgery and other measures
Heart failure necessitates continued bed rest and diuretic therapy. Severe mitral or aortic valvular dysfunction causing persistent heart failure requires corrective valvular surgery, including commissurotomy (separation of the adherent, thickened leaflets of the mitral valve), valvuloplasty (inflation of a balloon within a valve), or valve replacement (with a prosthetic valve). Corrective valvular surgery is rarely necessary before late adolescence.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Fever:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Regularly monitor the patient’s temperature, and record it on a chart for easy follow-up of the temperature curve. Provide increased fluid and nutritional intake. When administering a prescribed antipyretic, minimize resultant chills and diaphoresis by following a regular dosage schedule. Promote patient comfort by maintaining a stable room temperature and providing frequent changes of bedding and clothing. Prepare the patient for laboratory tests, such as complete blood count and cultures of blood, urine, sputum, and wound drainage.
Patient teaching
If the patient hasn’t been admitted to the facility, ask him to measure his oral temperature at home and record the time and value. Explain that fever is a response to an underlying condition that plays an important role in fighting infection. For this reason, advise him not to take an antipyretic until his body temperature reaches 101° F (38.3° C). Discuss signs and symptoms related to dehydration and when to notify the physician.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Fever:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F (41.1° C), take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a hypothermia blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Fever [Pyrexia]:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Regularly monitor and record the patient's temperature.
▪ Provide increased fluid and nutritional intake.
▪ When administering a prescribed antipyretic, minimize chills and diaphoresis by following a regular dosage schedule.
▪ Promote patient comfort by maintaining a stable room temperature and providing frequent changes of bedding and clothing.
▪ For high fevers, initiate treatment with a hypothermia blanket.
▪ Prepare the patient for laboratory tests, such as complete blood count and cultures of blood, urine, sputum, and wound drainage.
Patient teaching
▪ Instruct the patient about the proper way to take an oral temperature at home.
▪ Emphasize the importance of increased fluid intake.
▪ Discuss the proper use of antipyretics and antibiotics.
▪ Teach signs and symptoms that require immediate medical attention.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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