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Is there a history of alcohol or drug ingestion? Alcohol and many drugs such as digitalis, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antihypertensives, and antibiotics may cause gastric irritation or gastritis.
Is there fever? ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Vomiting is an involuntary forceful extrusion of stomach contents. It is a mediated by a complex reflex that is located in the vomiting center of the medulla oblongata. Reflex vomiting results when afferent fibers of the inner ear, meninges, or gastrointestinal... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth that involves an integrated and largely somatic motor response. It represents a protective reflex in the body's defense system. Vomiting may be an initial symptom of an underlying condition or a symptom complex preceded... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Projectile vomiting is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents classically associated with pyloric stenosis. Although pyloric stenosis is one cause, there are many other causes inside and outside the GI tract.
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis, particularly by the target method illustrated on page 380. The focus should be on the GI tract. Starting
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may occur... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They're commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds.) They may stem from life-threatening... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A common sign of GI disorders, vomiting... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Extraluminal compression
Congenital abnormalities
Annular pancreas
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... Central Nervous System Disorders
Increased intracranial pressure
Head trauma
Central nervous system neoplasms
Meningitis, encephalitis
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... A self-limiting disorder, gastroenteritis is characterized by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and acute or chronic abdominal cramping. Also called intestinal flu, traveler’s diarrhea, viral enteritis, or food poisoning, it occurs in persons of all ages and is a... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may occur gradually or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds.) They may stem from... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A common sign of GI... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Eric M. Walsh
Approach Nausea and vomiting are common presenting complaints in office practice. An effective diagnostic approach will consider causes both within the gastrointestinal (GI) system, and systemic causes (1... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
Presenting Symptom
❑ Gastroesophageal reflux
❑ Pregnancy
❑ Psychogenic
❑ Bulimia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Also called intestinal flu, traveler’s diarrhea, viral enteritis, and food poisoning, gastroenteritis is a self-limiting disorder characterized by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping. It occurs in all age-groups and is a major... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sound. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds.) They may stem from life-threatening... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A common sign of GI... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characterizing bowel sounds, page 98.) They... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A common sign of GI disorders,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Regurgitation is the nonforceful expulsionof contents from esophagus or stomach, whereas vomiting is the forcefulexpulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. The first partof this chapter is concerned with regurgitation and the second withvomiting. ... Principal Causes of Regurgitation ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Regurgitation ... Diagnostic Approach: Regurgitation ... Principal Causes of Vomiting ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Vomiting ... Diagnostic Approach: Vomiting ... References
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They're commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds, page 90.)
They may... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A common sign of GI disorders... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a
forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis,
particularly by the target method illustrated on page 324. The... Pictures
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... Epidemiology
Salmonella has more than 2,000 serotypes. Although one can attempt to memorize
all of them, a more practical method is to divide salmonella into two basic
categories: invasive (enteric fever) and noninvasive (nontyphoidal). These
categories are... Enteric Fever ... Nontyphoidal Salmonella ... Selected Readings ... Pictures
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It's inevitable that at some point in your child's life he or she will suffer vomiting and diarrhea. Most often they are nothing to get...
Diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome today is often simpler than it has been in the past. Doctors used to focus on ruling out other diseases and...
Some people with vague digestive symptoms needlessly suffer in silence believing there is no treatment. Abdominal discomfort, bloating, and either...
Pain and bowel irregularities caused by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can make a marked impact on day-to-day living. Abdominal discomfort, bloating,...