Prevalence and Incidence of Genital herpes

Prevalence/Incidence of Genital herpes: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Genital herpes.

Herpes simplex: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

About 85% of all HVH infections are subclinical; the others produce localized lesions and systemic reactions. After the first infection, a patient is a carrier susceptible to recurrent infections, which may be provoked by fever, menses, stress, heat, and cold. However, the patient usually has no constitutional signs and symptoms in recurrent infections.

Primary HVH is the leading cause of childhood gingivostomatitis in children ages 1 to 3. It causes the most common form of nonepidemic encephalitis and is the second most common viral infection in pregnant women. It can pass to the fetus transplacentally and, in early pregnancy, may cause spontaneous abortion or premature birth.

Herpes infection is equally common in males and females. Worldwide in distribution, it's most prevalent among children in lower socioeconomic groups who live in crowded environments. Saliva, stool, skin lesions, purulent eye exudate, and urine are potential sources of infection.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Genital herpes: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Genital herpes is usually caused by infection with herpes simplex virus Type 2, but some studies report increasing incidence of infection with herpes simplex virus Type 1. This disease is typically transmitted through sexual intercourse, orogenital sexual activity, kissing, and hand-to-body contact. Pregnant women may transmit the infection to neonates during vaginal delivery if an active infection is present. Such transmitted infection may be localized (for instance, in the eyes) or disseminated and may be associated with central nervous system involvement.

An estimated 86 million people worldwide are thought to have genital herpes.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Herpes Simplex Virus: Herpes Simplex Virus - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

• Neonatal infection is usually acquired from the maternal genitourinary tract and causes serious disease with high mortality and morbidity.
• HSV-1 usually causes infections of the upper torso, head, and neck.
• HSV-2 usually causes genital infection. However, both forms can infect oral or genital cells, thus the virus type is not a reliable indicator of the anatomic site of infection.
• Route of spread is usually by close bodily contact or trauma such as teething or a break in the skin.
• Incubation period is 2–12 days (~6 days).
• Neonatal HSV infections are acquired from maternal strains, and 75–85% are caused by HSV-2.
• After the neonatal period, HSV-1 infections predominate, and 40–60% of children are seropositive for HSV-1 by the age of 5 years.

Herpes Simplex Virus - prevalence

During puberty and early adolescence, the prevalence of HSV-2 increases, and 20–35% of adults are seropositive for HSV-2.

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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008

Smallpox (Variola Virus): Smallpox - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

• The last documented case of endemic smallpox was in Somalia in 1977. The last case in the US was in the late 1940s.
• Smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980.
• Historically in unvaccinated individuals ordinary smallpox accounted for 90% of cases and hemorrhagic accounted for 7% of cases. Flat and modified smallpox accounted for the remainder of cases.
• Modified smallpox was rare in unvaccinated individuals but accounted for 25% of cases of disease in vaccinated individuals.

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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008

About prevalence and incidence statistics:

The term 'prevalence' of Genital herpes usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Genital herpes at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Genital herpes refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Genital herpes diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.