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Are there exudates? This is a key question when evaluating a sore throat. Most cases of sore throat with exudates will be found to have streptococcal pharyngitis. Without exudates, one could still have a ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Sore throat is a common symptom. Many patients incorrectly believe that antibiotics improve the clinical course in all sore throats. Although the vast majority of sore throats are of viral origin and should be managed conservatively, an appropriate history and physical exam usually... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Most sore throats and coughs are due to infection. Children may have 5–8 upper respiratory infections per year. The primary differential is between viral and bacterial etiologies, especially group A β-hemolytic streptococcus.
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Breaking down the orophraynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE to establish the etiologies. Further analyzing
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that's associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by spicy, fatty, or high-fiber foods and by excess caffeine intake,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Gastroesophageal reflux, also called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is the backflow of gastric or duodenal contents, or both, into the esophagus and past the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) without associated belching or vomiting. Reflux may cause... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that’s associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by spicy, fatty, or high-fiber foods and by excessive caffeine... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Rhinovirus
❑ Group A streptococci
❑ Ebstein-Barr virus
❑ Adenovirus ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... The backflow or reflux of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus and past the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), without associated belching or vomiting, is called gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux may or may not cause symptoms or pathologic changes. Persistent reflux may... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that’s associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by spicy, fatty, or high-fiber foods and by excess caffeine intake, dyspepsia... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Sore throat refers to any painful sensationof the pharynx or surrounding tissues and is a common complaintin childhood and adolescence. Principal Causes of Sore Throat Infection Pharyngitis/tonsillitis Viral Bacterial ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that's associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by spicy, fatty, or high-fiber foods and by excess caffeine intake, dyspepsia without... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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Breaking down the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic
components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of
sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE to
establish the etiologies. Further analyzing the... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author:
Ellen Hamburger, MD
What to Do - Interpret the Data
The presentation of GER can be varied, subtle, and differ considerably
dependinguponthechild'sage.GERiscausedbytransientloweresophageal
sphincterrelaxation... Suggested Readings
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... Joel Friedlander, DO, MBe Gastroesophageal Reflux - BASICS Gastroesophageal Reflux - description Effortless regurgitation of gastric contents. Occurs physiologically at all ages, and most ... Gastroesophageal Reflux - DIAGNOSIS ... Gastroesophageal Reflux - TREATMENT ... Gastroesophageal Reflux - FOLLOW UP ... Gastroesophageal Reflux - bibliography ... Gastroesophageal Reflux - CODES ... Gastroesophageal Reflux - FAQ
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Heartburn has millions of Americans running to the shelves of their supermarkets and drugstores to end their discomfort. Most of the time,...
Most of us know what heartburn is like -- in fact, 60 million Americans feel that sharp, burning sensation in their chest at least once a month. But...
Heartburn can be a nuisance at any time of day, but for many people the greatest frustration happens at night. Not only can heartburn get in the way...
How do you know which heartburn medicine will bring you the best relief? Researchers studying acid reflux can tell us how they measure relief. But...