...
Is there systolic hypertension only? The presence of an elevated systolic pressure only would suggest hyperthyroidism, aortic insufficiency, and atherosclerotic aortitis.
Is the hypertension paroxysmal? The presence of ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Elevated blood pressure is defined as diastolic BP 90 mmHg or systolic BP ≥140 mmHg. A diagnosis of hypertension requires three separate elevated blood pressure measurements. High normal: 130/85 to 139/89; stage 1: 140/90 to 159/99, stage 2–3: &... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Hypertension is defined as the average (several measurements over time) systolic or diastolic blood pressure greater than the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height. Severe hypertension occurs when these values are greater than the 99th... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
... With the emphasis placed on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in the past 20 years, every physician has a good knowledge of the causes of hypertension. The list nevertheless, may be incomplete. If consideration is to be given only to the treatable disorders, then
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike, colored rings around lights or bright objects. This effect can be explained by this physical principle: As light passes through water (in the eye, through tears or the cells of various anteretinal media),... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Elevated blood pressure — an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg — strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored by the patient; after all, he can't see or
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Systolic and Diastolic
Pseudohypertension (e.g., wrong-sized cuff)
Primary (essential)
Renal causes
Parenchymal
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Precapillary)
Alveolar hypoxemia with vasoconstriction
Most causes of respiratory failure
Chronic
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Retinitis
CMV
Toxoplasmosis
VZV
Fungal (especially C. neoformans and H. capsulatum)
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Hypertension, an intermittent or sustained elevation in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, occurs as two major types: essential (idiopathic) hypertension, the most common, and secondary hypertension, which results from renal disease or another identifiable cause. Malignant... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by an abnormally high intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve. If untreated, it can lead to gradual peripheral vision loss and, ultimately, blindness. (See Blindness.) Glaucoma occurs... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Signs and Symptoms Hypertension, papilledema, retinal hemorrhages and exudate, severe headache, vomiting, vision disturbances, transient paralysis, seizures, stupor, coma
Treatment (Tx)
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Renovascular hypertension is a rise in systemic blood pressure resulting from stenosis of the major renal arteries or their branches or from intrarenal atherosclerosis. This narrowing or sclerosis may be partial or complete, and the resulting blood... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), also known as gestational hypertension, is a potentially life-threatening disorder that usually develops late in the second trimester or in the third trimester. Preeclampsia, the nonconvulsive form of... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulmonary hypertension occurs when pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above normal for reasons other than aging or altitude. No definitive set of values is used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension, but the National Institutes of Health requires a mean PAP of 25 mm Hg or more. The... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike colored rings around lights or bright objects. The rainbowlike effect can be explained by this physical principle: As light passes through water (in the eye, through tears or the cells of various anteretinal media), it breaks up into spectral colors.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Elevated blood pressure—an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg—strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored by the patient; after all, he can... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Duane D. Bland and Jay S. Roitman
One of four American adults has hypertension (HTN) (1). Despite its well-recognized role in cardiovascular disease, close to one-third of those with HTN are still unaware of it. Further, of those... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Differential Overview
❑ Essential hypertension
❑ White coat hypertension
❑ Renal artery stenosis
❑ Drug-induced hypertension ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An intermittent or a sustained elevation in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, hypertension occurs as two major types: essential (idiopathic) hypertension, the most common, and secondary hypertension, which results from kidney disease or another identifiable cause. Malignant... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by intraocular pressure (IOP) high enough to damage the optic nerve. If untreated, it leads to gradual peripheral vision loss and, ultimately, blindness.
Glaucoma occurs in several forms: chronic... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Toxemia of pregnancy, or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), usually develops late in the second trimester or in the third trimester. Preeclampsia, the nonconvulsive form of toxemia, develops in about 7% of pregnancies. It may be mild or severe, and the incidence is... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulmonary hypertension occurs when pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above normal and isn’t attributable to the effects of aging or altitude. There isn’t a definitive set of values used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension; however, the National Institutes of Health... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike, colored rings around lights or bright objects. Halo vision usually develops suddenly; its duration depends on the causative disorder. This symptom may occur with disorders associated with excessive tearing and corneal epithelial edema. Among these... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Major riskfactor for cardiac, cerebral, and renal vascular disease. For clinical purposes, hypertensioncan be defined as systolic or diastolic BP > ninety-fifth percentilefor age, gender, and height (Tables32.1 and 32.2). Table 32.1 ... Table 32.2. Blood Pressure Levels for the Ninety-Fifth Percentilesof Blood Pressure for Girls 1–17 Yrs of Age by Percentilesof Height ... Principal Causes of Hypertension ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Table 32.3. Causes of Mineralocorticoid Excess Producing Hypertension ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike, colored rings around lights or bright objects. This effect can be explained by the physical principle that as light passes through water (in the eye, through tears or the cells of various anteretinal media), it breaks up into spectral... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Elevated blood pressure or hypertension (an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg) strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored by the patient; after all, he can't see or feel it; however, its... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
With the emphasis placed on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension
in the past 20 years, every physician has a good knowledge of the causes of
hypertension. The list nevertheless, may be incomplete. If consideration is ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Christine B. Sethna, MD, Ed. MKevin E.C. Meyers, MD Hypertension - BASICS Hypertension - description Hypertension is average systolic and/or diastolic BPs above the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height percentile on at... Hypertension - DIAGNOSIS ... Hypertension - TREATMENT ... Hypertension - FOLLOW UP ... Hypertension - bibliography ... Hypertension - CODES ... Hypertension - PATIENT TEACHING-MED ... Hypertension - FAQ
... READ EXCERPTS »
When you reach a certain age, it's usually clear that your vision isn't as sharp as it used to be. Learn how surgery for the cloudy lens of a...
Hypertensive patients worry about which medications are safe to take, including erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs. Find out how ED medication affects...
Hypertension or high blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke and other cardiovascular conditions. Fortunately, it can be...