Glossary for Glaucoma

• $18p minus syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing which is characterized by mental and growth deficiencies, drooping upper eyelid and prominent ears. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount of genetic material that is missing.
• Absolute Glaucoma: The final stage of blindness in glaucoma in which a glaucoma-induced increase in intraocular pressure results in permanent vision loss.
• Acetazolamide - Teratogenic Agent: Experimental studies on mice, rats and rabbits indicate that the use of Acetazolamide during pregnancy may cause various harmful effects on the fetus. The likelihood and severity of symptoms may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at. The effect on human fetuses has not been conclusively determined.
• Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma: Primary angle closure is defined as an occludable drainage angle and features indicating that trabecular obstruction by the peripheral iris has occurred (ie, peripheral anterior synechiae, increased IOP, lens opacities, excessive trabecular pigmentation deposits).
• Adams Nance syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, small eyes and the presence of excess glycine in the urine.
• Adrenoleukodystrophy, autosomal, neonatal form: A rare inherited disorder involving the adrenal glands, testes and certain parts of the brain (white matter). It is a less severe form of leukodystrophy where an abnormality within the body cells prevents the metabolism of certain fats (long chain fatty acids).
• Age-related macular degeneration: Deterioration of the central field of vision.
• Aging: The medical conditions from getting older.
• Alzheimer's Disease: Dementia-causing brain disease mostly in seniors and the elderly.
• Amyloidosis: A rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage and is potentially fatal. Symptoms depend on the organs involved. There are numerous forms of the condition: primary amyloidosis, secondary amyloidosis, hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis and familial amyloidosis.
• Anaesthesia complications: Complications that occur due to anaesthesia
• Aniridia: A genetic disorder where part or all of the iris of one or both eyes is missing. The iris is the colored part of the eye. There are four forms of the disease: AN-1, AN-II, AN-III and AN-IV.
• Aniridia - absent patella: A rare genetic condition characterized by an abnormal or missing kneecap as well as the absence of the iris of the eye.
• Aniridia - renal agenesis - psychomotor retardation: A rare genetic disorder characterized by missing irises of the eye, kidney developmental problems and mental retardation.
• Aniridia II: A genetic disorder where part or all of the iris of one or both eyes is missing. The iris is the colored part of the eye. There are four forms of the disease: AN-1, AN-II, AN-III and AN-IV. AN-II is often associated with other eye problems such as glaucoma and nystagmus.
• Aniridia, type 2:
• Aphakia: Absent eye lens. The disorder may be present at birth or result from such things as lens dislocation, cataract surgery, ulcer or trauma.
• Atropine - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Atropine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Autoimmune disorders - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the development of autoimmune disorders during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Autoimmune uveitis: Autoimmune inflammation of the eye's uvea.
• Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly with cardiac defects and sensorineural hearing loss: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart defects, hearing impairment and a congenital eye disorder called Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly.
• Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent teeth and craniofacial and eye abnormalities. The range of symptoms that can occur is somewhat variable.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 1 is caused by a defect in chromosome 11q13.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 10: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 10 is caused by a defect in chromosome 12q.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 11: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 11 is caused by a defect in chromosome 9q33.1.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 12: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 12 is caused by a defect in chromosome 4q27.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 2 is caused by a defect in chromosome 16q21.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 3 is caused by a defect in chromosome 3p12-q13.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 4: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 4 is caused by a defect in chromosome 15q22.3.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 5: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 5 is caused by a defect in chromosome 2q31.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 6: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 6 is caused by a defect in chromosome 20p12.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 7: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 7 is caused by a defect in chromosome 4q27.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 8: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 8 is caused by a defect in chromosome 14q32.11.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 9: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 9 is caused by a defect in chromosome 7p14.
• Blindness: The inability to see out of the eyes
• Blood vessel conditions: Conditions that affect the blood vessels
• CAMFAK syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by cataracts, small head, failure to thrive and spinal curvature.
• Cataract-glaucoma: A rare syndrome characterized by congenital cataracts in both eyes as well as glaucoma which tends to occur between the ages of 10 and 40.
• Cataracts: Cloudy areas on the eye's cornea interfering with vision.
• Chandler's syndrome: A very rare eye disorder characterized by progressive corneal dystrophy and glaucoma which result in loss of vision.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4B2, with early-onset glaucoma: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. This type is characterized by the involvement of glaucoma which starts during childhood.
• Chitayat-Moore-Del Bigio syndrome: A rare birth disorder characterized mainly by brain abnormalities, large head and facial anomalies.
• Chlorpromazine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Chlorpromazine (a neuroleptic drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Chromosome 11, deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 13p duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 13 causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, short stature, facial dysmorphism, delayed puberty and heart defects.
• Chromosome 6, trisomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chronic angle closure glaucoma: Chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) refers to an eye in which portions of the anterior chamber angle are closed permanently by peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS).
• Closed-angle glaucoma: A severe form of glaucoma needing emergency treatment to avoid blindness.
• Coagulopathy: A disorder of the blood where it fails to clot normally.
• Cocaine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cocaine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cogan-Reese syndrome: A very rare eye disorder where various eye anomalies may impair vision.
• Congenital glaucoma: Primary congenital glaucoma is present at birth; however, its manifestations may not be recognized until infancy or early childhood. It is characterized by improper development of the eye's aqueous outflow system, leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), with consequent damage to ocular structures, resulting in loss of vision.
• Conjunctivitis: Contagious eye infection
• Corneal Dystrophies: A group of various disorders affecting the eye's cornea
• Corneal abrasion: Scratch on the cornea
• Cystinosis: A rare biochemical disorder involving the accumulation of a chemical called cystine in various parts of the body which can cause harmful effects.
• Deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Dexamethasone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Dexamethasone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Diabetes: Failing or reduced ability of the body to handle sugars.
• Diabetic Eye Disease: Eye disease caused by diabetes
• Diabetic Lens Osmosis: Eye lens vision changes due to diabetic sugars; usually reversible.
• Duplication 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Dwarfism: Short stature. There are several types of dwarfism: acromelic (short hand and foot bones), mesomelic (short forearm and lower leg bones) and rhizomelic (short upper arm and leg bones).
• Dwarfism - stiff joint - ocular abnormalities: A very rare form of dwarfism characterized by short stature as well as stiff joints and eye abnormalities.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A group of inherited connective tissue disorders primarily involving the joints and skin. There are 11 disorders in the group.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, joint dislocations and skin hyperextensibility and fragility - a combination of ED types I and II.
• Emanuel syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is translocated with a portion of chromosome 22. The disorder involves a wide range of abnormalities such as kidney, genital and heart abnormalities, mental retardation, small head and failure to thrive.
• Epiphora: Impaired elimination of tears.
• Essential iris atrophy: A very rare progressive eye disorder involving pupil abnormalities and degeneration of the iris. It is a slowly developing disorder that usually only affects one eye.
• Eye cancer: A malignancy that affects the eye
• Eye conditions: Any condition that affects the eyes
• Eye symptoms: Symptoms affecting the eye
• Fahr's Syndrome: A rare neurologic disorder where calcium is deposited in various parts of the brain resulting in progressive loss of motor and mental function.
• Familial Granulomatosis, Blau type: A rare chronic inflammatory condition characterized by arthritis, dermatitis and uveitis. The condition may have a similar presentation to a condition called early-onset sarcoidosis and genetic testing may be needed to distinguish the conditions.
• Familial, Systemic, Juvenile Granulomatosis: A rare chronic inflammatory condition characterized by arthritis, dermatitis and uveitis. The condition may have a similar presentation to a condition called early-onset sarcoidosis and genetic testing may be needed to distinguish the conditions.
• Frank-Ter Haar syndrome: A rare genetic bone disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities, enlarged corneas and characteristic facial abnormalities.
• Friedreich ataxia: A progressive inherited neuromuscular disorder involving slow degeneration of the spinal cord and brain.
• Friedreich ataxia - congenital glaucoma: A rare disorder characterized by glaucoma at birth and a progressive neuromuscular disorder.
• GAPO syndrome: A rare condition characterized by retarded growth, alopecia, otpic atrophy and failure of teeth to erupt.
• GEMSS syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by stiff joints, short stature, glaucoma and a dislocated eye lens.
• Ghost cell glaucoma: Ghost cell glaucoma can occur after vitreous hemorrhage when the residual deformed red blood cells gain access to the anterior chamber and clog the trabecular meshwork resulting in increased intraocular pressure.
• Glaucoma: Glaucoma is the term for a diverse group of eye diseases, all of which involve progressive damage to the optic nerve. Glaucoma is usually, but not always, accompanied by high intraocular (internal) fluid pressure. Optic nerve damage produces certain characteristic visual field defects in the individual's peripheral (side), as well as central, vision.
• Glaucoma - iridogoniodysgenesia: A rare genetic eye disorder involving glaucoma and iris anomalies and resulting infn vision loss.
• Glaucoma - sleep apnea: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of sleep apnea with glaucoma.
• Glaucoma ectopia microspherophakia stiff joints short stature: A rare, dominantly inherited syndrome characterized mainly by stiff joints, short stature, glaucoma and a dislocated eye lens.
• Glaucoma in ciliochorodial detachment: Increase in intraocular pressure due to ciliochoroidal detachment
• Glaucoma in epithelial ingrowth: The rise of intraocular pressure due epithelial ingrowths ,commonly seen in aphakic eyes
• Glaucoma in iridoschisis.: Iridoschisis is a rare condition where a localized area of iris stroma is cleaved in two, with the anterior atrophic portion disintegrating into fibrils..
• Glaucoma in phacomatoses: Developmental glaucomas with associated ocular or systemic anomalies.
• Granulomatous arthritis of childhood: A rare chronic inflammatory condition that starts during early childhood and is characterized by arthritic joints, uveitis and a skin rash that forms on the trunk and limbs.
• HARD syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface and eye, genitourinary and other abnormalities.
• HARD syndrome (Hydrocephalus - agyria - retinal dysplasia): A rare genetic disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface and eye, genitourinary and other abnormalities.
• Halm-Munk syndrome: A rare inherited disorder involving red, thickened patches of skin on the palms and soles, skin infections and nail and teeth abnormalities.
• Headache: In medicine a headache or cephalalgia is a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and sometimes neck. Some of the causes are benign while others are medical emergencies. It ranks among the most common pain complaints
• Homocystinuria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder involving the amino acid methionine and resulting in a harmful accumulation of homocysteine in the body.
• Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: A rare genetic biochemical disorder where a deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase results in high levels of methionine and homocysteine in the blood and reduced levels of cyteine in the blood. There are two subtypes of the disorder with varying manifestations. One type responds to Vitmain B6 supplementation and the other doesn't. Those who do respond to Vitamin B6 tend to have milder manifestations.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure
• Hyphema: Bleeding between cornea and iris in the eye
• Ichthyosis and male hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scaly skin and insufficient hormone production by the male gonads.
• Ichthyosis male hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scaly skin and insufficient hormone production by the male gonads.
• Imaizumi Kuroki syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by premature skull fusion and forearm abnormalities.
• Impaired vision: Reduced or degraded vision.
• Infantile Glaucoma: Primary infantile glaucoma is a rare developmental defect in the iridocorneal filtration angle of the anterior chamber that causes a relative obstruction of egress of aqueous fluid from the eye. This obstruction can cause increases in the intraocular pressure, which if untreated can damage the optic nerve.
• Inflammatory Glaucoma: It is a condition with self-limited recurrent episodes of markedly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) with mild idiopathic anterior chamber inflammation. It is most often classified as secondary inflammatory glaucoma.
• Injury: Any damage inflicted in the body
• Intraocular melanoma: A type of cancer that develops from pigment producing cells in the eye. The cancer can occur in the iris, choroids or ciliary body. The melanoma may metastasize in some cases. The condition is often asymptomatic.
• Ipratropium - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ipratropium during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome: ICE syndrome is a spectrum of conditions of the eye, where the inner layer of the cornea appears abnormal. It includes Cogan-Reese syndrome, Chandler's syndrome, and progressive iris atrophy.
• Iridocorneal dysgenesis: The iridocorneal dysgenesis syndromes are a group of very rare, congenital, usually bilateral conditions resulting from abnormal embryological development of the anterior segment.
• Iris hypoplasia and glaucoma: A rare disorder characterized by glaucoma and underdeveloped iris.
• Iritis: Inflammation of the iris and anterior chamber of the eye.
• Juvenile Glaucoma: Juvenile glaucoma is a primary pen angle glaucoma with IOP increase that occurs in the first two decades of life and is often inherited.
• Keratosis palmoplantaris - corneal dystrophy: A rare condition where a deficiency of a liver enzyme (tyrosinase aminotransferase) causes tyrosine levels in the blood to increase and result in eye problems, mental retardation and horny skin lesions which develop on pressure points on the hands and feet.
• Krause syndrome: A syndrome involving the abnormal development of the eye and cerebral portion of the brain. It most often occurs in premature infants or an infant from a multiple birth. It is believed to possibly result from intercurrent infections in the mother, placental abnormalities and hemorrhages that occur during the second trimester of the pregnancy.
• Krause-Kivlin syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limb dwarfism, mental retardation and Peters anomaly.
• Lobstein disease: A group of rare inherited diseases that involves fragile bones. There are many different types based on the severity and extent of symptoms. Some types are severe enough to cause stillbirth or infant death whereas other types may cause few if any problematic symptoms.
• Lowe Syndrome: An X linked condition characterized by vitamin D deficiency and causing an oculocerebrorenal syndrome
• Lowry-Maclean syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, retarded growth, glaucoma, congenital heart defects and premature fusion of skull bones.
• MOMO syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a large size and weight at birth, a large head and eye abnormalities.
• Malignant glaucoma: Malignant glaucoma is an entity characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) with a shallow or flat anterior chamber in the presence of a patent peripheral iridectomy. In its classic form, malignant glaucoma is rare but one of the most serious complications of glaucoma filtration surgery in patients with narrow-angle or angle-closure glaucoma.
• Marfan syndrome: A genetic connective tissue disorder involving a defect of chromosome 15q21.1 which affects the production of the fibrillin needed to make connective tissue.
• Melanoma of the ciliary body: A type of eye cancer that occurs in the pigment-producing cells of the ciliary body which is located between the iris and the choroid.
• Melanoma of the iris: A cancer that develops in pigment-producing cells in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This type of melanoma usually grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the eye.
• Mental retardation - blepharophimosis - obesity - web neck: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, eye abnormalities, obesity and a webbed neck.
• Mental retardation - dysmorphism - hypogonadism - diabetes: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, hypogonadism, diabetes and facial and skull abnormalities.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Armfield type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures, short stature, small hands and small feet. The disorder is X-linked and hence only males exhibit the symptoms. The genetic defect occurs on chromosome Xq28.
• Microcornea - glaucoma - absent frontal sinuses: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by small corneas, glaucoma and missing sinuses.
• Midface hypoplasia, corneal clouding, subvalvular aortic stenosis and mental and somatic retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by an underdeveloped midface, corneal clouding, mental and somatic retardation and narrowed aorta.
• Mixed or Combined mechanism Glaucoma: Combined cases of primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma are referred to as cases of mixed glaucoma.
• Muckle-Wells syndrome: An inherited condition characterized by amyloidosis (protein deposits), deafness, hives and limb pain.
• Mucopolysaccharidoses: A lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the ability to metabolise glycosaminoglycans
• Muscle-eye-brain syndrome: A genetic disease characterized by muscle weakness, congenital brain abnormalities and eye problems as well as other defects.
• Myopia: Short-sightedness often requiring glasses
• Neovascular glaucoma: Numerous secondary ocular and systemic diseases that share one common element, retinal ischemia/hypoxia and subsequent release of an angiogenesis factor, cause NVG. This angiogenesis factor causes new blood vessel growth from preexisting vascular structure. Depending on the progression of NVG, it can cause glaucoma either through secondary open-angle or secondary closed-angle mechanisms.
• No symptoms: The absence of noticable symptoms.
• Ocular Hypertension: Ocular hypertension is an eye pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg.
• Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome: An uncommon eye complication from lung histoplasmosis.
• Oculocutaneous tyrosinemia: A rare condition where a deficiency of a liver enzyme (tyrosinase aminotransferase) causes tyrosine levels in the blood to increase and result in eye problems, mental retardation and horny skin lesions.
• Oculodentoosseous dysplasia dominant: A very rare dominantly inherited syndrome characterized mainly by eye, tooth and finger abnormalities.
• Open-angle glaucoma: Vision damage from a slow chronic buildup of fluid pressure in the eye.
• Optic nerve damage: Any damage either structurally or functionally to the eye that may result in permanent visual loss
• Orbital lymphangioma: A tumor that develops from lymph vessels around the eye.
• Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder where abnormal bone growth causes hearing loss, skeletal abnormalities and characteristic facial features.
• PHACE association: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a brain malformation (involving the posterior fossa), large facial hemangioma and eye, heart and artery anomalies.
• Pediatric granulomatous arthritis: A rare chronic inflammatory condition that starts during early childhood and is characterized by arthritic joints, uveitis and a skin rash that forms on the trunk and limbs.
• Peripheral uveitis: An eye disorder involving inflammation of the peripheral retina and pars plana which can affect one or both eyes and the severity of the condition can vary.
• Peripheral vision loss: Reduced or lost peripheral vision
• Phacomorphic Glaucoma: Secondary glaucoma may be precipitated during the development of senile cataract has drawn little attention in the literature. This phenomenon, the so called "phacomorphic glaucoma" is an acute angle closure glaucoma and results from sudden hydration of an immature cataract which blocks the angle by a forward push of the iris.
• Pigment-dispersion syndrome: A very rare disorder where pigment is deposited in parts of the eye resulting in increased eye pressure.
• Pizotifen - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Pizotifen during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Plateau iris syndrome: Plateau iris is one of the most common angle-closure glaucomas presenting in younger patients. This condition is characterized by closing of the anterior chamber angle secondary to a large or anteriorly positioned ciliary body that mechanically alters the position of the peripheral iris in relation to the trabecular meshwork.
• Prednisolone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Prednisolone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Primary angle closure glaucoma: This is a closed angle type of glaucoma, caused by contact between the iris and trabecular meshwork, which in turn obstructs outflow of the aqueous humor from the eye.
• Primary open angle glaucoma: POAG is characterized by increase in the intraocular pressure due to trabecular blockage.
• Pseudoprogeria syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent eyelashes and eyebrows as well a mental retardation.
• Reiter’s syndrome: A form of reactive arthritis characterized by arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis and skin lesions.
• Retinal Vein Occlusion: A condition which is characterized by the occlusion of the retinal vein
• Retinal detachment: Partial or total detachment of retina from the back of the eye.
• Rieger Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent teeth and craniofacial and eye abnormalities.
• Rieger anomaly - partial lipodystrophy: A very rare disorder characterized by short stature, low birth weight and loss of skin fat. SHORT is an acronym for short stature, hyperextensible joints and/or hernia, ocular depression, Reiger anomaly and teething delay. Additional symptoms are also variably present.
• Rieger syndrome 2: A rare disorder where abnormal development of the front portion of the eye causes glaucoma and impaired vision. Other abnormalities are also present.
• River Blindness: Skin and eye infection caused by the helminth (worm) 'Onchocerca volvulus', transmitted via fly bites and usually seen only in parts of Africa, the Middle East and South America
• Rubella virus antenatal infection: A rare disorder caused by exposure of the fetus to maternal rubella and resulting in a range of abnormalities and fetal death is also possible.
• Sarcoidosis: Rare autoimmune disease usually affecting the lungs.
• Scheie syndrome:
• Seckel-like syndrome, Majoor-Krakauer type: A very rare syndrome characterized by numerous abnormalities including poor fetal growth, reduced amniotic fluid and heart, brain spleen and kidney anomalies.
• Secondary glaucoma: Glaucoma that occurs as a complication of various medical conditions such as eye surgery, advanced cataracts, eye injuries, some eye tumors, uveitis, diabetes or use of corticosteroid drugs.
• Shingles: Infectious viral infection occuring years after chickenpox infection.
• Short stature deafness neutrophil dysfunction: A very rare syndrome characterized by short stature, deafness and frequent infections due to abnormal neutrophils.
• Silverman-Handmaker syndrome: A condition characterized by dwarfism, hydrocephalus, facial abnormalities and a narrow chest. The condition results in death during or soon after birth and is a more severe form of Rolland-Debuquois syndrome.
• Spastic paraplegia glaucoma precocious puberty: A rare syndrome characterized by premature puberty, mental retardation, glaucoma and progressive spastic paraplegia.
• Spastic paresis - glaucoma - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by progressive stiffness and weakness of the legs, glaucoma and mental retardation.
• Spherophakia brachymorphia syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, and craniofacial, eye, tooth and limb abnormalities.
• Steroid induced glaucoma.: Steroid-induced glaucoma is a form of open-angle glaucoma that has potential to cause the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) which may develop with inhaled, oral, topical intravenous, periocular, or intravitreal steroid administration.
• Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by excessive blood vessel growth, calcium accumulation inside the brain and seizures.
• Sub acute angle closure Glaucoma: The attacks of rise in IOP are recurrent regular each attack lasting from a few minutes to 1-2 hours.
• Synovitis granulomatous with uveitis and cranial neuropathies: A rare chronic inflammatory condition characterized by arthritis, dermatitis and uveitis. The condition may have a similar presentation to a condition called early-onset sarcoidosis and genetic testing may be needed to distinguish the conditions.
• Temporal arteritis: Inflamed head artery causing headache.
• Thong-Douglas-Ferrante syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, deafness and a blood abnormality.
• Thyroid disorders: Any disorder of the thyroid gland.
• Tizzard syndrome: A syndrome characterized by large, short hands and feet and small corneas.
• Traumatic Glaucoma: Traumatic glaucoma refers to a heterogeneous group of posttraumatic ocular disorders with different underlying mechanisms that lead to the common pathway of abnormal elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) .
• Under-diagnosed conditions: Any medical condition that is undiagnosed
• Uveitic Glaucoma: The association of uveitis and glaucoma, describes it as arthritic iritis followed by glaucoma and blindness.
• Uveitis: A condition which is characterised by the inflammation of the uvea of the eye
• Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by poliosis and hair, skin, eye and ear abnormalities as well as retinal detachment and neurological involvement.
• WAGR Syndrome: A syndrome that is due to the deletion of chromosome 11.
• Wagner-Stickler Syndrome: There is confusion about whether Wagner and Stickler disease are actually extremes of the same disorder and thus the term Wagner-Stickler syndrome is sometimes used. Both conditions involve varying degrees of degeneration of eye structures with Stickler syndrome also involving other variable symptoms such as deafness and facial, oral and skeletal abnormalities.
• Weber-Christian disease: A rare skin disorder characterized by recurring inflammation of the fatty layer of the skin and the development of nodules.
• Wilms tumor - aniridia - genitourinary anomalies - mental retardation: A syndrome resulting from deletion of genetic material from chromosome the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p13). The characteristic symptoms are partial or complete absence of iris, genitourinary anomalies, mental retardation and Wilms' tumor. The specific range and severity of symptoms is variable depending on the size and exact location of the genetic material that is missing.
• Zellweger Syndrome: Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare, genetic, multisystem disorders that were once thought to be separate entities. These disorders are now classified as different expressions (variants) of one disease process. Collectively, they form a spectrum or continuum of disease. Zellweger syndrome is the most severe form; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy is the intermediate form; and infantile Refsum disease is the mildest form.

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