Prevalence and Incidence of Glomerular Disease
Glomerular Disease Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Prevalence/Incidence of Glomerular Disease: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Glomerular Disease.
Nephrotic syndrome:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
About 75% of nephrotic syndrome cases result from primary (idiopathic) glomerulonephritis. Classifications include:
❑ In lipid nephrosis (nil lesions), the main cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, the glomerulus looks normal by light microscopy. Some tubules may contain increased lipid deposits.
❑ Membranous glomerulonephritis, the most common lesion in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, is characterized by uniform thickening of the glomerular basement membrane containing dense deposits and eventually progresses to renal failure.
❑ Focal glomerulosclerosis can develop spontaneously at any age, follow renal transplantation, or result from heroin abuse. Reported incidence of this condition is 10% in children with nephrotic syndrome and up to 20% in adults. Lesions initially affect the deeper glomeruli, causing hyaline sclerosis, with later involvement of the superficial glomeruli. These lesions generally cause slowly progressive deterioration in renal function. Remissions occur occasionally.
❑ In membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, slowly progressive lesions develop in the subendothelial region of the basement membrane. Lesions may follow infection, particularly streptococcal infection. This disease occurs primarily in children and young adults.
Other causes of nephrotic syndrome include metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus; collagen-vascular disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and periarteritis nodosa; circulatory diseases, such as heart failure, sickle cell anemia, and renal vein thrombosis; nephrotoxins, such as mercury, gold, and bismuth; allergic reactions; and infections, such as tuberculosis or enteritis. Other possible causes are pregnancy, hereditary nephritis, multiple myeloma, and other neoplastic diseases. These diseases increase glomerular protein permeability, leading to increased urinary excretion of protein, especially albumin, and subsequent hypoalbuminemia.
Nephrotic patients have an increased risk of infection, particularly of peritonitis.
PEDIATRIC TIP Black children appear to be at greater risk for peritonitis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Nephrotic Syndrome:
Nephrotic Syndrome - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in younger children.
- Occurs mainly between the ages of 2 and 8 years, with a peak at 3 years of age.
- Boys are more commonly affected than girls (3:2).
- Atopy and minimal change nephrotic syndrome have an association.
- HLA-DR7 is most common MHC haplotype associated with MCNS.
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the 2nd most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in childhood
- Children with FSGS are more likely than children with MCNS to have steroid dependant or steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS)
- Examples of congenital NS are Finnish, diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) mesangiosclerotic, and syphilitic nephrosis.
Nephrotic Syndrome - incidence
- 2–7 per 100,000 in children <16 years
- Black children have a higher incidence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) than do white and Asian children.
Nephrotic Syndrome - prevalence
16 per 100,000 in children <16 years
>>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Glomerular Disease usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Glomerular Disease at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Glomerular Disease refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Glomerular Disease diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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