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Is it bilateral or unilateral? Bilateral exophthalmos would suggest hyperthyroidism. Unilateral exophthalmos suggests orbital tumor, abscess, or aneurysm.
If it is bilateral, are there signs of ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it focal or diffuse? Focal masses in the thyroid include thyroglossal cyst, toxic adenoma, colloid cyst, Riedel's struma, nontoxic adenoma, and malignancies.
Is there movement with protrusion of the ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Proptosis, or exophthalmos, may be caused by inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, or vascular etiologies. Thyroid-associated orbitopathy is by far the most common cause of proptosis. Some may have a benign course, but others follow a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Proptosis is a finding that usually signals significant pathology. Regardless of duration of symptoms, a rapid evaluation is necessary to discover and treat malignancy or conditions that will result in visual loss.
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Salivary gland enlargement in pediatric patients is usually associated with an inflammatory or infectious process. Benign tumors are more common than malignancies, but the probability for malignancy in a solid mass is higher in children than adults. Facial nerve... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The mnemonic VINDICATE is a useful and quick way to recall the causes of exophthalmos (for enophthalmos see the section on ptosis, page 441).
V—Vascular disorders include a carotid–cavernous fistula and
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Exophthalmos — the abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs — may result from hemorrhage, edema, or inflammation behind the eye; extraocular muscle relaxation; or space-occupying intraorbital lesions and metastatic tumors.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... History and physical examination ... ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... An enlarged thyroid can result from inflammation, physiologic changes, iodine deficiency, thyroid tumors, and drugs. Depending on the medical cause, hyperfunction or hypofunction may occur with resulting excess or deficiency, respectively, of the hormone thyroxine. If no infection is... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Thyroid Lesions
Adenoma (benign)
Atypical
Embryonal (trabecular)
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... Diffuse Goiter
Euthyroid or hypothyroid
Cigarette smoking (thiocyanate)
Increased intrinsic growth potential
Exposure to thyroid... Multinodular Goiter ... Nongoiter Neck Masses ... References
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... Exophthalmos (also called proptosis) is the unilateral or bilateral bulging or protrusion of the eyeballs or their apparent forward displacement (with lid retraction). The prognosis depends on the underlying cause.
Causes
... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Simple (or nontoxic) goiter is a thyroid gland enlargement that isn’t caused by inflammation or a neoplasm, and is commonly classified as endemic or sporadic. Endemic goiter usually results from inadequate dietary intake of iodine associated with such factors as... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... An enlarged thyroid can result from inflammation, physiologic changes, iodine deficiency, and thyroid tumors. Depending on the medical cause, hyperfunction or hypofunction may occur with resulting excess or deficiency, respectively, of the hormone thyroxine. If no infection is... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Exophthalmos—the abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs—may result from hemorrhage, edema, or inflammation behind the eye; extraocular muscle relaxation; or space-occupying intraorbital lesions and metastatic tumors. This sign may occur suddenly or gradually, causing mild... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Stephen F. Wheeler and David E. Bybee
Goiter, an enlarged thyroid gland, is the most common thyroid abnormality. Goiter is termed endemic if it occurs in more than 10% of a population. Endemic goiter most... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Stephen F. Wheeler and David E. Bybee
Palpable nodules are present in 4% to 7% of adults. Prevalence is four to nine times greater in women than men. Approximately 5% of all solitary nodules are carcinomas.
Approach The evaluation of nodular... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Hashimoto thyroiditis
❑ Multinodular goiter
❑ Follicular adenoma
❑ Thyroid cyst
❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Neck Mass
❑ Inflammatory lymphadenopathy
❑ Parotid swelling/tumor
❑ Laryngeal cancer
❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Grave disease
❑ Familial
❑ Orbital asymmetry
❑ Orbital cellulitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Pigmented
❑ Nevus
❑ Seborrheic keratosis
❑ Atypical nevus
❑ Melanoma
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Nontoxic or simple goiter — thyroid gland enlargement not caused by inflammation or a neoplasm — is commonly classified as endemic or sporadic.
Endemic goiter usually results from inadequate dietary intake of iodine... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Exophthalmos — the abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs — may result from hemorrhage, edema, or inflammation behind the eye; extraocular muscle relaxation; or space-occupying intraorbital lesions and metastatic tumors. Also known as proptosis,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... An enlarged thyroid can result from inflammation, physiologic changes, iodine deficiency, and thyroid tumors. Depending on the medical cause, hyperfunction or hypofunction may occur with resulting excess or deficiency, respectively, of the hormone thyroxine. If no infection is present,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...The presence or absence of testicular painis useful in the diagnostic approach to the problem of scrotal enlargement. Principal Causes of Scrotal Enlargement Painfulscrotal enlargement Testicular Torsion of the testis Orchitis ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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...The parotid gland lies between the externalauditory canal and cheek and extends from the lower zygomatic archto the mandible. It is palpable only when it is enlarged. Principal Causes of Parotid Gland Enlargement Infection/inflammation Viralinfection ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... An enlarged thyroid can result from inflammation, physiologic changes, iodine deficiency, thyroid tumors, and drugs. Depending on the medical cause, hyperfunction or hypofunction may occur with resulting excess or deficiency, respectively, of the hormone thyroxine. If no... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Exophthalmos—the abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs—may result from hemorrhage, edema, or inflammation behind the eye; extraocular muscle relaxation; or space-occupying intraorbital lesions and metastatic tumors. This sign may occur suddenly or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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The mnemonic VINDICATE is a useful and quick way to recall the
causes of exophthalmos (for enophthalmos, see the section on ptosis, page 369).
V—Vascular disorders include a carotid–cavernous fistula and
cavernous... Pictures
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... Adda Grimberg, MD Goiter - BASICS Goiter - description Goiter is enlargement of the thyroid gland. Goiter - epidemiology The most common cause of pediatric goiter in the US is chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. ... Goiter - DIAGNOSIS ... Goiter - TREATMENT ... Goiter - FOLLOW UP ... Goiter - bibliography ... Goiter - CODES ... Goiter - FAQ
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Hyperthyroidism is a serious hormonal imbalance that most women know little about. It’s caused by an overactivity of the thyroid gland, which...
Hyperthyroidism is a serious hormonal imbalance that can lead to weight loss, anxiety, diarrhea and other symptoms. Treatments are available, and in...
Sexual contact can sometimes result in problems. An unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases may be some of those consequences. But by...