Prevalence and Incidence of Goiter

Prevalence/Incidence of Goiter: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Goiter.

Simple goiter: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Simple goiter occurs when the thyroid gland can’t secrete enough thyroid hormone to meet metabolic requirements. As a result, the thyroid gland enlarges to compensate for inadequate hormone synthesis, a compensation that usually overcomes mild to moderate hormonal impairment. Because thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are generally within normal limits in patients with simple goiter, goitrogenicity probably results from impaired intrathyroidal hormone synthesis and depletion of glandular iodine, which increases the thyroid gland’s sensitivity to TSH. However, increased levels of TSH may be transient and therefore missed.

Endemic goiter usually results from inadequate dietary intake of iodine, which leads to inadequate secretion of thyroid hormone. Since the introduction of iodized salt in the United States, cases of endemic goiter have virtually disappeared.

Sporadic goiter commonly results from the ingestion of large amounts of goitrogenic foods or the use of goitrogenic drugs. Goitrogenic foods, such as rutabagas, cabbage, soybeans, peanuts, peaches, peas, strawberries, spinach, and radishes, contain agents that decrease thyroxine (T₄) production. Goitrogenic drugs include propylthiouracil, iodides, phenylbutazone, para-aminosalicylic acid, cobalt, and lithium. In a pregnant woman, these substances may cross the placenta and affect the fetus.

Inherited defects may be responsible for insufficient T₄ synthesis or impaired iodine metabolism. Because families tend to congregate in a single geographic area, this familial factor may contribute to the incidence of both endemic and sporadic goiters.

Females are more commonly affected than males. Incidence increases after age 40.  

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Goiter: Goiter - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

• The most common cause of pediatric goiter in the US is chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
• Prevalence of goiter in the US is 3–7%, although the incidence is much higher in regions of iodine deficiency.
• Thyroid cancers comprise 0.5–1.5% of all malignancies in children and adolescents.
• Thyroid tumors and autoimmune thyroid disease are both more common in females than in males.

Goiter - prevalence

World Health Organization (WHO) Global Database on Iodine Deficiency (1993–2003)

• Global goiter prevalence is 15.8% of the general population.
• Insufficient iodine intake among school-aged children ranged from 10.1% in the Americas to 59.9% in Europe.
• 54 countries had iodine deficiency, 29 countries had excessive iodine intake, and 43 countries achieved optimal iodine intake.

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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008

About prevalence and incidence statistics:

The term 'prevalence' of Goiter usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Goiter at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Goiter refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Goiter diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.

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