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Is there abdominal pain? The presence of abdominal pain with hematuria should first suggest renal calculus, but other causes, such as renal embolism, renal contusion, or laceration, must be considered.
Is there dysuria or ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a petechial rash? The presence of a petechial rash suggests either a thrombocytopenic purpura, which may be idiopathic or secondary to leukemia, aplastic anemia, collagen disease, or drugs. In addition, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Hematuria is the intermittent or persistent excretion of red or brown urine that can occur with a variety of clinical symptoms. The amount of blood can be grossly evident or microscopic. About 2.5% of the general population has asymptomatic hematuria. It is important to evaluate the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Because the differential diagnosis of purpura is very large, begin by determining whether the purpura is palpable or nonpalpable. Subsequent workup is dictated by the history, physical, and review of systems to determine appropriate diagnostic tests. If, after careful... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is defined as >5 red blood cells per high-power field in a freshly voided, spun urine specimen. Macroscopic (gross) hematuria is less common, is more likely to be attributed to an identified cause, and is always “pathologic.” Cola-colored urine,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Purpura represents leakage of blood from vessels into skin/mucous membranes; thus, it is nonblanching on pressure; petechiae are <3 mm, ecchymosis >3 mm in diameter. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of thrombocytopenic and Henoch-Schönlein>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of the causes of hematuria ( Table 35 ). One need only visualize the urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down to get a differential list. Let us apply the
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... It is questionable whether this topic should be included in a differential diagnosis book, but because it is important for the clinician to be able to recall a fairly complete list of possible causes for these signs while he or she is still examining the patient, a discussion is... Lung ... Heart ... Diseases of Other Organs
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine Microscopic hematuria is... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It’s characterized by discoloration that’s easily visible through the epidermis, usually purplish or brownish red. Purpuric lesions... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Pseudohematuria (Dyes and Pigments)
Beets
Food dyes
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Pyridium
Urates
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... Platelet Disorders
Thrombocytopenia
Drugs, especially
Cytotoxic agents
Aspirin
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... Neoplasm
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Metastatic malignancy
Hamartoma
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... In Goodpasture’s syndrome, hemoptysis and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis follow the deposition of antibody against the alveolar and glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The prognosis improves with aggressive immunosuppressive and antibiotic... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Allergic purpura, a nonthrombocytopenic purpura, is an acute or chronic vascular inflammation affecting the skin, joints, and GI and genitourinary (GU) tracts, in association with allergy symptoms. When allergic purpura primarily affects the GI tract, with accompanying... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombocytopenia that results from immunologic platelet destruction, may be acute (postviral thrombocytopenia) or chronic (Werlhof’s disease, purpura hemorrhagica, essential thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia). The... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a spontaneous break or tear in the amniochorial sac before onset of regular contractions, resulting in progressive cervical dilation. Labor usually starts within 24 hours; more than 80% of these neonates are mature. The latent period (between... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It’s characterized by discoloration that’s easily visible through the epidermis, usually purplish or brownish red.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Siegfried Schmidt and Ku-Lang Chang
Hematuria, defined as “blood in the urine,” is encountered frequently in family practice. It can occur as gross (macroscopic) hematuria with obvious reddish discoloration or can be seen... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... John L. Smith
Purpura are the visible extravasation of blood into the skin or mucous membranes. Petechiae are purpura less than 2 mm in diameter and ecchymoses are greater than 1 cm in diameter.
Approach Purpura are a sign of... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment (4)
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... Michael J. Dodard
The solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) remains a challenge for the clinician despite major advances in diagnostic imaging. Expectant management carries the risk of missing a malignancy of the lung, whereas a surgical approach can be overly... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Judith A. Fisher and Douglas J. Ivins
In the practice of cost-effective medicine, no value is seen to routine laboratory testing. An antinuclear antibody titer (ANA) should only be ordered in cases of a clinical suspicion of a... Approach ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Urinary tract infection
❑ Nephrolithiasis
❑ Anticoagulation
❑ Long distance running
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Purpura
❑Trauma
❑Senile purpura
❑Drugs
❑Vasculitis
&... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Allergic purpura, or anaphylactoid purpura, is a type of nonthrombocytopenic purpura. It’s characterized by allergy symptoms and acute or chronic vascular inflammation affecting the skin, joints, or GI or genitourinary (GU) tract. When allergic purpura... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombocytopenia that results from immunologic platelet destruction, may be acute (postviral thrombocytopenia) or chronic (Werlhof’s disease, purpura hemorrhagica, essential thrombocytopenia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia).... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is a spontaneous break or tear in the amniochorial sac before the onset of regular contractions, resulting in progressive cervical dilation. PROM occurs in nearly 10% of all pregnancies over 20 weeks&rsquo... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas macroscopic hematuria is immediately visible. However, macroscopic... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It’s characterized by discoloration that’s easily visible through the epidermis, usually purplish or brownish red. Purpuric lesions... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Hematuria—presenceof blood in urine—can be microscopic (urine is not discolored) orgross (urine has red or brown discoloration). >5 red cells per high-powerfield in centrifuged urinary sediment is considered abnormal. ... Principal Causes of Hematuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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...Purpura are macular discolorations that donot blanch or disappear with pressure. They include petechiae (<3mm in diameter) and ecchymoses (larger lesions). Principal Causes of Purpura and Bleeding Lossof vascular integrity Trauma Infection ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It's characterized by discoloration that's easily visible through the epidermis, usually purplish or brownish red.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of
the causes of hematuria (Table 35). One need only visualize the
urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down to get a differential
list. Let us apply the mnemonic ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
It is questionable whether this topic should be included in a
differential diagnosis book, but because it is important for the clinician
to be able to recall a fairly complete list of possible causes for these
signs while he or she is still examining the patient, a... Lung ... Heart ... Diseases of Other Organs
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... David F. Friedman, MD
Purpura Fulminans - BASICS
Purpura Fulminans - description
Congenital, acquired, or idiopathic condition of rapidly progressive microvascular hemorrhage into the skin
... Purpura Fulminans - DIAGNOSIS ... Purpura Fulminans - TREATMENT ... Purpura Fulminans - FOLLOW UP ... Purpura Fulminans - bibliography ... Purpura Fulminans - CODES ... Purpura Fulminans - FAQ
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