Glossary for Graves Disease

• $18p minus syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing which is characterized by mental and growth deficiencies, drooping upper eyelid and prominent ears. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount of genetic material that is missing.
• $22q11.2 deletion syndrome$: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• Atrial Fibrillation: Common heart arrythmia with rapid beating in upper chambers
• Autoimmune diseases: A group of disorders in which the primary cause is the an inflammatory reaction caused by the body's own immune system attacking tissues
• Autoimmune thyroid diseases: Autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Cancer: Abnormal overgrowth of body cells.
• Carbimazole - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Carbimazole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Choreoathetosis: Choreoathetosis is the occurrence of involuntary movements in a combination of chorea and athetosis.
• Choriocarcinoma: Rare cancer of the placenta
• Chromosome 22q deletion: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 22 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• Congenital conditions: Any condition that you are born with such as birth defects or genetic diseases.
• Crohn's disease: Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease. The disease can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum.
• Death: The cessation of life
• Depression: Various syndromes with excessive anxiety, phobias, or fear.
• Excessive hunger: Inappropriate hunger or overeating.
• Exophthalmos: Protrusion of one or both eyes
• Female infertility: Infertility that affects the female
• Goiter: Swollen neck thyroid gland
• Graves Disease: is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) bind to and activate thyrotropin receptors, causing the thyroid gland to grow and the thyroid follicles to increase synthesis of thyroid hormone.
• Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Hashimoto thyroiditis is characterized by the destruction of thyroid cells by various cell- and antibody-mediated immune processes. Patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis have antibodies to various thyroid antigens, the most frequently detected of which include antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and, to a lesser extent, TSH receptor-blocking antibodies.
• Heart complications: Any complication that relates to the heart
• Hydatidiform mole: A rare condition where an abnormal union between an egg and a sperm results in the formation of grape-like cysts instead of a baby. The growth is not malignant.
• Hyperthyroidism: Too much thyroid hormone production.
• Hypocalcaemia: Decreased concentration of calcium in the blood.
• Hypothyroidism: Too little thyroid hormone production.
• Inflammatory bowel disease: Any type of digestive condition caused by bowel inflammation.
• Irritable bowel syndrome: Spasms in the colon wall
• Kartagener syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by enlarged bronchial tubes, sinusitis and cross-positioning of body organs.
• Keratitis: Any inflammation of the cornea of the eye
• Mania: Inappropriate euphoric mood
• McCune-Albright Syndrome: A rare genetic multisystem disorder characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation and endocrine gland dysfunction and replacement of parts of bone tissue with fibrous material.
• Miscarriage: Loss of fetus without human interference
• Neurosis: Variety of mental disorders with self-awareness
• No symptoms: The absence of noticable symptoms.
• Optic nerve disorder: Any condition which impairs the function of the optic nerve. Examples of such conditions includes glaucoma, optic nerve inflammation and impaired blood supply to the optic nerve.
• Osteoporosis: Bone thinning and weakening from bone calcium depletion.
• Palpitations: The subjective sensation of the beating of the heart at a rapid or irregular rate
• Panic disorder: It is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood.
• Papilloedema: Oedema that is located at the optic disc
• Pheochromocytoma: Pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands (originating in the chromaffin cells), or extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue that failed to involute after birth and secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines, usually epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Polyendocrine deficiency syndrome: Various rare syndromes causing multiple gland-attacking autoimmune diseases.
• Postpartum thyroiditis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation of the thyroid after a pregnancy
• Propanolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Propanolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Proximal muscle weakness: Weakness of the proximal muscles
• Rapid heart beat: Excessively fast heart beat (fast pulse) called "tachycardia"
• Short QT syndrome: A very rare inherited condition where the heart muscle recharges between beats faster than normal which can result in various symptoms and even sudden death.
• Subacute Thyroiditis: A self-limiting, virally induced inflammation of the thyroid characterised by a febrile illness and swelling of the thyroid, with subsequent damage to the thyroid tissue causing leakage of thyroid hormones into the circulation
• Testicular Cancer: Cancer (malignant) that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles.
• Thyroid cancer: Cancer of the thyroid gland.
• Thyroid disorders: Any disorder of the thyroid gland.
• Thyroiditis: Thyroid gland inflammation
• Thyrotoxicosis factitia: A factitious disorder causing thyrotoxicosis by ingestion of thyroid hormone pills.
• Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon.
• Weight loss: Loss of body weight.

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