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Diseases » Gynecomastia » Glossary

Glossary for Gynecomastia

$17-$: A rare disorder characterized caused by an enzyme (17-ketosteroid reductase) defect only in the testes which results in a lack of testosterone which is needed during the fetal stage to give males there physical characteristics.
$3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency$: A ver rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia involving a deficiency of 3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which results in reduced production of adrenal steroids (mineralocorticoids, sex steroids and glucocorticoids). The disorder can occur in classical, non-salt wasting and late-onset varieties.
Adolescent conditions: Symptoms that are evident due to puberty
Adrenal Cancer: A malignant cancer that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids. Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
Adrenal carcinoma: an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland.
Aging: The medical conditions from getting older.
Androgen insensitivity syndrome, partial: A rare inherited condition where males are partially insensitive to the male hormones which results in varying degrees of feminization. The effect of the condition can range from the presence of normal female sexual characteristics to normal male sexual characteristics or a combination of both.
Androgens - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the use of Androgens during pregnancy may cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
Aromatase deficiency: A congenital deficiency of the enzyme called aromatase which is needed to convert androgens to estrogens.
Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome:
Breast Cancer: Cancer of the breast.
Breast abscess: Pus-filled abscess in the breast
Breast conditions: Any condition affecting the breast
Breast pain: Pain in or near the breasts (mastodynia)
Breast swelling: Swelling or enlargement of one or both breasts
Bronchogenic carcinoma: When cells of the lung start growing rapidly in an uncontrolled manner, the condition is called lung cancer .
Brugsch's syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by small hands and feet as well as thickened skin on the hands, feet, scalp and face.
Camera-Marugo-Cohen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, muscle weakness, obesity and an asymmetrical body.
Chlorpromazine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Chlorpromazine (a neuroleptic drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
Cirrhosis of liver: Chronic liver disease wherein normal liver parenchyma is replaced by fibrous tissue.
Cirrhosis of the liver: Scarring of the liver from alcohol or other causes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: A rare genetic condition involving deficiency of 17-alpha-hydroxylase which impairs androgen production by the testes and estrogen production by the ovaries. This results in lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics and hypertension as well as other anomalies.
Dermoid cyst: Benign cystic tumor often containing skin, hair, and other tissue
Empty sella syndrome - acquired: A disorder where the bony structure surrounding the pituitary gland (sella) appears to be empty except for the cerebrospinal fluid - often results from radiation, surgery or injury which causes the pituitary gland to shrink.
Empty sella syndrome - primary: A rare inherited disorder where the bony structure surrounding the pituitary gland (sella) appears to be empty as the pituitary gland is flattened due to a defect. It is instead filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Erythema: A condition which is characterized by redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries
Feminisation: Female-like physical changes in males
Fibromatosis gingival - hypertrichosis: A rare disorder characterized by excessive growth of body hair and enlarged gums.
Forbes-Albright syndrome: A rare condition where a hormone secreting pituitary or hypothalamic tumor causes galactorrhea and amenorrhea.
Galactorrhoea-Hyperprolactinaemia: Increased blood prolactin levels associated with galactorrhea (abnormal milk secretion). It may be caused by such things as certain medications, pituitary disorders and thyroid disorders. The condition can occur in males as well as females.
Graves Disease: is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) bind to and activate thyrotropin receptors, causing the thyroid gland to grow and the thyroid follicles to increase synthesis of thyroid hormone.
Gynecomastia: Enlarged male breasts
Heller-Nelson syndrome: A variant of Klinefelter syndrome (extra X chromosome in most cells) involving a range of abnormalities.
Hematoma: Local collection of clotted blood
Hemodialysis: A treatment used to remove toxic elements from the blood
Hepatocellular carcinoma (fibrolamellar variant): A rare form of liver cancer. The prognosis for this variant of hepatocellular cancer is better than for hepatocellular cancer.
Hepatoma: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver.
Heroin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Heroin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
Human carcinogen -Tamoxifen: Tamoxifen is a drug used to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer but is also deemed to be carcinogenic to humans as it increases the risk of developing other cancers. The carcinogenicity of the substance may be influenced by the duration and level of exposure. Tamoxifen exposure is associated mainly with an increased risk of developing uterine cancer.
Hyperprolactinemia: High levels of prolactin in the blood.
Hyperthyroidism: Too much thyroid hormone production.
Hypogonadism: Medical term for a defect of the reproductive system that results in lack of function of the gonads (ovaries or testes).
Hypogonadism - mitral valve prolapse - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a heart disorder, hypogonadism and mental retardation.
Hypothyroidism: Too little thyroid hormone production.
Intellectual deficit - cataracts - calcified pinnae - myopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
Kidney stones: Stone-like calcium deposits in the kidney.
Klinefelter syndrome: A genetic condition where males have at least one extra X chromosome or extra copies of both the X and Y chromosomes in each cell. Normally male cells contain one X and one Y chromosome in each cell. The condition is not inherited but is a result of problems during cell division. Klinefelter syndrome variants is a more severe form of the condition as it involves more than one extra X or X and Y chromosome in each cell.
Klinefelter syndrome, variants: A genetic condition where males have at least one extra X chromosome or extra copies of both the X and Y chromosomes in each cell. Normally male cells contain one X and one Y chromosome in each cell. The condition is not inherited but is a result of problems during cell division.
Lactotroph adenoma: A benign pituitary tumor that secretes excessive prolactin which can affect the functioning of the reproductive system - testes and ovaries. The tumor may also grow large enough to compress adjacent structures such as the eye nerves.
Lipoma: Tumor of fat cells usually just under the skin
Liver conditions: Any condition that affects the liver
Lung cancer: Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. Most lung tumors are malignant.
Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, deficiency of, with ataxia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by insufficient sex hormone production and impaired balance and coordination due to nervous system dysfunction.
Male Breast Cancer: Cancer of the breast in males.
Male-only conditions: Conditions that only occur in the male sex
Marijuana - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Marijuana during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
Marijuana abuse: Illicit depressant/hallucinogenic drug
Mastalgia: Generalized breast pain or tenderness
Mental retardation - gynecomastia - obesity, X-linked: A very rare X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by the associated of mental retardation, enlarged male breasts and obesity.
Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 7: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, obesity, hypogonadism and tapered fingers.
Mental retardation cataracts calcified pinnae myopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
Mental retardation, X-linked - gynecomastia - obesity: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, enlarged male breasts, speech problems and other anomalies. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
Metastatic cancer: Any cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
Neurofibroma: A benign tumor that originates from nerve cells. The tumors usually arise from nerves in the skin or just under the skin.
Obal syndrome: The association of eye problems with severe malnutrition. The condition occurred frequently in soldiers, prisoners of war and people in concentration camps.
Obesity: An increase in the body weight greater than that required for normal function that is characterised by the accumulation of excessive fat
Ossified Ear cartilages with Mental deficiency, Muscle Wasting and Bony Changes: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
POEMS syndrome: A very rare disorder that has widespread effects on the body: P - polyneuropathy, O - organopathy, E - endocrinopathy, M - monoclonal gammopathy, S - skin changes.
Pachydermoperiostosis: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by thick coarse skin and limb clubbing.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of numerous benign nodules on the inside lining of the intestinal wall as well as excess skin pigmentation usually around the lips and inner lining of the mouth.
Pituitary Cancer: Cancer of the pituitary gland.
Primrose Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
Progressive Spinobulbar muscular atrophy: Genetic disease affecting nerves and muscles
Pseudohermaphroditism male with gynecomastia: A rare disorder characterized caused by an enzyme (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozyme 3) deficiency which results in a lack of testosterone which is needed during the fetal stage to give males there physical characteristics. The result is that males are born with ambiguous or feminine external genitals.
Puberty: Sexual and physical maturation in adolescents
Retinis pigmentosa - deafness - hypogenitalism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive retinal damage, deafness and genital anomalies.
Retinitis pigmentosa, deafness, mental retardation, hypogonadism: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, reduced hormone production by the testes or ovaries, deafness and vision problems.
Salvioli syndrome: A rare inherited form of bone disease.
Secretory breast carcinoma: A slow-growing type of breast cancer that can occur in males and females as well as children.
Sohval-Soffer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, hypogonadism and skeletal abnormalities.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A rare condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the spinal and brainstem motor neurons. During fetal development excess primary neurons are formed. The body automatically destroys the extra primary neurons so that only some survive and mature into neurons. In spinal muscular dystrophy, the process that destroys the excess primary neurons doesn't switch off and continues destroying the neurons resulting in progressive motor problems. Various types of the condition range from mild to severe enough to cause death within a couple of years of birth.
Summitt syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder abnormalities of the head, hands and feet as well as obesity.
Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by enlarged liver and spleen, increased pigmentation and abnormal peripheral nerve functioning.
Testicular Cancer: Cancer (malignant) that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles.
Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped genitals, obesity, mental retardation and skeletal abnormalities.
Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation: A condition that is characterised by mental retardation with gynecomastia and obesity
XX male syndrome: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.