Treatments for Halitosis
Treatments for Halitosis
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Halitosis
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
- Good oral hygience practices
- Dental flossing
- Interdental cleaners- toothpicks
- Tongue scrapers
- Mouth rinses
- Dentrifices
- Lozenges
- Antimicrobial agents
Halitosis: Is the Diagnosis Correct?
The first step in getting correct treatment is
to get a correct diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis list for Halitosis may include:
Hidden causes of Halitosis may be incorrectly diagnosed:
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The following are some of the latest treatments for Halitosis:
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Halitosis
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Halitosis:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Maintain good oral hygiene (e.g., brush teeth at least twice per day, floss daily, treat underlying periodontal disease)
-
Avoid exacerbating medications or foods
-
Tongue cleaning with toothbrush
-
Gargle with chlorhexidine mouthwash twice a day for a week to assess improvement
-
Treat postnasal drip (e.g., antihistamines, nasal steroids, polyp removal)
-
Treat sinusitis with appropriate antibiotics
-
Decrease or eliminate alcohol and tobacco use
-
Zenker's diverticulum may require surgical resection if symptomatic
-
Treat other underlying medical diseases (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, uremia, GERD)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Breath Sounds (Decreased):
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Closely monitor airway, breathing, and circulation
-
Administer supplemental O2 as needed
-
Treat underlying etiology (e.g., removal of foreign body, bronchodilators, steroids)
-
Emergent interventions may be necessary (e.g., chest tube insertion)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Halitosis:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Scrupulous oral hygiene
-
Stomatitis is usually treated supportively with acetaminophen and oral hydration (Popsicles)
–Viscous lidocaine should be used sparingly, if ever
–Herpetic lesions may be treated with oral acyclovir
–Trench mouth is treated with penicillin
-
Streptococcal pharyngitis is treated with penicillin
-
Sinusitis requires longer duration of antibiotic therapy
-
Bronchiectasis and pulmonary abscess are treated with systemic antibiotics and nonsurgical or surgical drainage
-
Adenoidectomy and treatment of concurrent allergies and sinusitis rectifies most mouth breathing
-
GERD is treated with H2 blockers and promotility agents
-
Endoscopy may be therapeutic and diagnostic for bezoar
-
Removal of nasal foreign body is usually sufficient treatment
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Breath with fecal odor:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
Because fecal breath odor signals a potentially life-threatening intestinal obstruction, you'll need to quickly evaluate the patient's condition. Monitor his vital signs, and be alert for signs of shock, such as hypotension, tachycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and cool, clammy skin. Ask the patient if he's experiencing nausea or has vomited. Find out the frequency of vomiting as well as the color, odor, amount, and consistency of the vomitus. Have an emesis basin nearby to collect and accurately measure the vomitus.
Anticipate possible surgery to relieve an obstruction or repair a fistula, and withhold all food and fluids. Be prepared to insert an NG or intestinal tube for GI tract decompression. Insert a peripheral I.V. line for vascular access, or assist with central line insertion for large-bore access and central venous pressure monitoring. Obtain a blood sample and send it to the laboratory for complete blood count and electrolyte analysis because large fluid losses and shifts can produce electrolyte imbalances. Maintain adequate hydration and support circulatory status with additional fluids. Give a physiologic solution — such as lactated Ringer's or normal saline solution or Plasmanate — to prevent metabolic acidosis from gastric losses and metabolic alkalosis from intestinal fluid losses.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Breath with fruity odor:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
When you detect fruity breath odor, check for Kussmaul's respirations and examine the patient's level of consciousness (LOC). Take his vital signs and check skin turgor. Be alert for fruity breath odor that accompanies rapid, deep respirations; stupor; and poor skin turgor. Try to obtain a brief history, noting especially diabetes mellitus, nutritional problems such as anorexia nervosa, and fad diets with little or no carbohydrates. Obtain venous and arterial blood samples for glucose, complete blood count, and electrolyte, acetone, and arterial blood gas (ABG) levels. Also obtain a urine specimen to test for glucose and acetone. Administer I.V. fluids and electrolytes to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance and, in the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis, give regular insulin to reduce blood glucose levels.
If the patient is obtunded, you'll need to insert endotracheal and nasogastric (NG) tubes. Suction as needed. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter, and monitor intake and output. Insert central venous pressure and arterial lines to monitor the patient's fluid status and blood pressure. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor, monitor his vital signs and neurologic status, and draw blood hourly to check glucose, electrolyte, acetone, and ABG levels.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Fetor hepaticus:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If you detect fetor hepaticus, quickly determine the patient’s level of consciousness (LOC). If he’s comatose, evaluate his respiratory status. Prepare to intubate and provide ventilatory support, if necessary. Start a peripheral I.V. line for fluid administration, begin cardiac monitoring, and insert an indwelling urinary catheter to monitor output. Obtain arterial and venous samples for analysis of blood gases, ammonia, and electrolytes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Breath with fecal odor:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Because fecal breath odor signals a potentially life-threatening intestinal obstruction, you’ll need to quickly evaluate your patient’s condition. Monitor his vital signs, and be alert for signs of shock, such as hypotension, tachycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and cool, clammy skin. Ask the patient if he’s experiencing nausea or has vomited. Find out the frequency of vomiting as well as the color, odor, amount, and consistency of the vomitus. Have an emesis basin nearby to collect and accurately measure the vomitus.
Anticipate possible surgery to relieve an obstruction or repair a fistula, and withhold all food and fluids. Be prepared to insert an NG or intestinal tube for GI tract decompression. Insert a peripheral I.V. line for vascular access, or assist with central line insertion for large-bore access and central venous pressure monitoring. Obtain a blood sample and send it to the laboratory for complete blood count and electrolyte analysis because large fluid losses and shifts can produce electrolyte imbalances. Maintain adequate hydration and support circulatory status with additional fluids. Give a physiologic solution—such as lactated Ringer’s or normal saline solution or Plasmanate—to prevent metabolic acidosis from gastric losses and metabolic alkalosis from intestinal fluid losses.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Breath with fruity odor:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
When you detect fruity breath odor, check for Kussmaul’s respirations and examine the patient’s level of consciousness (LOC). Take vital signs and check skin turgor. Be alert for fruity breath odor that accompanies rapid, deep respirations; stupor; and poor skin turgor. Try to obtain a brief history, noting especially diabetes mellitus, nutritional problems such as anorexia nervosa, and fad diets with little or no carbohydrates. Obtain venous and arterial blood samples for complete blood count and glucose, electrolyte, acetone, and arterial blood gas (ABG) levels. Also obtain a urine specimen to test for glucose and acetone. Administer I.V. fluids and electrolytes to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance, and give regular insulin to patients with diabetic ketoacidosis to reduce blood glucose levels.
If the patient is obtunded, you’ll need to insert endotracheal and nasogastric (NG) tubes. Suction as needed. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter, and monitor intake and output. Insert central venous pressure and arterial lines to monitor the patient’s fluid status and blood pressure. Connect the patient to a cardiac monitor, monitor vital signs and neurologic status, and draw blood hourly to check glucose, electrolyte, acetone, and ABG levels.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Halitosis:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
To help control halitosis, encourage good oral hygiene. If halitosis is drug induced, reassure the patient that it will disappear as soon as his body completely eliminates the drug.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Breath with ammonia odor [Uremic fetor]:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Involve the patient at an early stage in the various aspects of treatment to help prepare him for any complicated training that may be needed later—for example, if he needs dialysis or transplantation. Explain dietary and drug therapies.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Fetor hepaticus:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If you detect fetor hepaticus, quickly determine the patient’s level of consciousness. If he’s comatose, evaluate his respiratory status. Prepare to intubate him and provide ventilatory support if necessary. Start a peripheral I.V. line for fluid administration, begin cardiac monitoring, and insert an indwelling urinary catheter to monitor output. Obtain arterial and venous samples for analysis of blood gases, ammonia, and electrolytes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Breath odor, fecal:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
After an NG or intestinal tube has been inserted, keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 degrees and turn the patient to facilitate passage of the intestinal tube through the GI tract. Don’t tape the intestinal tube to the patient’s face. Ensure tube patency by monitoring drainage and watching that suction devices function properly. Irrigate as required and monitor GI drainage. Provide meticulous oral care. Send serum samples to the laboratory for electrolyte analysis at least once per day. Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as abdominal X-rays, barium enema, and proctoscopy.
Patient teaching
Explain all procedures and tests. Preoperative teaching is needed if the patient requires surgery. Encourage the patient to brush his teeth and gargle with a flavored mouthwash or half-strength hydrogen peroxide mixture to minimize offensive breath odor. Assure him that the fecal odor is temporary and will abate after treatment of the underlying cause.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Breath odor, fruity:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Monitor fluid status. Perform neurologic and respiratory assessments. Provide emotional support for the patient and his family. Explain tests and treatments clearly. When the patient is more alert and his condition stabilizes, remove the NG tube and start him on an appropriate diet. Switch his insulin from the I.V. to the subcutaneous route.
Patient teaching
Teach the patient and provide appropriate referrals. For example, teach the patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus to recognize the signs of hyperglycemia and to wear a medical identification bracelet. Refer the patient with anorexia nervosa to a psychologist or a support group, and recognize the need for possible long-term follow-up.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Breath with fecal odor:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Explain all procedures and treatments. Encourage the patient to brush his teeth and gargle with a flavored mouthwash or half-strength hydrogen peroxide mixture to minimize offensive breath odor. Assure him that the fecal odor is temporary and will abate after treatment of the underlying cause.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Breath with fruity odor:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Teach the patient and make referrals appropriately. For example, teach the patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus to recognize the signs of hyperglycemia and to wear a medical identification bracelet. Refer the patient with starvation ketoacidosis to a psychologist or a support group, and recognize the need for possible long-term follow-up.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Halitosis:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
To help control halitosis, encourage good oral hygiene. If halitosis is drug-induced, reassure the patient that it will disappear as soon as his body completely eliminates the drug.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Breath with fecal odor:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ After an NG or intestinal tube has been inserted, keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 degrees and turn the patient to facilitate passage of the intestinal tube through the GI tract.
▪ Ensure tube patency by monitoring drainage and watching that suction devices function properly. Irrigate as required.
▪ Monitor GI drainage, and send serum specimens to the laboratory for electrolyte analysis.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as abdominal X-rays, barium enema, and proctoscopy.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain all procedure and treatments to the patient.
▪ Teach the techniques of good oral hygiene.
▪ Explain food and fluid restrictions.
▪ Assure the patient that the fecal odor is temporary and will abate after treatment of the underlying condition.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of fecal breath odor and the treatment plan after a diagnosis is established.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Breath with fruity odor:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Provide emotional support for the patient and his family.
▪ When the patient is more alert and his condition stabilizes, remove the NG tube and start him on an appropriate diet.
▪ Switch his insulin from the I.V. to the subcutaneous route.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain tests and treatments to the patient.
▪ Discuss the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and actions to take.
▪ Emphasize the importance of wearing medical identification.
▪ Refer the patient with starvation ketoacidosis to a psychologist or support group.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of fruity breath odor after a diagnosis is established.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Breath with ammonia odor [Uremic fetor]:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Maximize dietary intake by offering the patient frequent small meals of his favorite foods, within dietary limitations.
▪ Provide mouth care if the patient is unable to do it himself.
Patient teaching
▪ Instruct the patient to perform frequent mouth care, particularly before meals because reducing foul mouth taste and odor may stimulate his appetite.
▪ Tell him to use a half-strength hydrogen peroxide mixture or lemon juice gargle to help neutralize the ammonia.
▪ Recommend the use of commercial lozenges or breath sprays or to suck on hard candy to freshen his breath.
▪ Advise him to use a soft toothbrush or sponge to prevent trauma. If he's unable to perform mouth care, do it for him and teach his family members how to assist him.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of the ammonia breath odor after a diagnosis is established.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fetor hepaticus:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Administer neomycin or lactulose to suppress bacterial production of ammonia, sorbitol solution to induce osmotic diarrhea, and potassium supplements to correct alkalosis, as ordered.
▪ Provide continuous gastric aspiration of blood, as necessary.
▪ Maintain the patient on a low-protein diet, if indicated.
▪ If these methods prove unsuccessful, prepare the patient for hemodialysis or plasma exchange transfusions.
▪ Monitor the patient's LOC, intake and output, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
Patient teaching
▪ Advise the patient to restrict his intake of protein, as necessary.
▪ Teach the patient about any treatments as well as signs and symptoms that should be reported.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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