Treatments for Hantavirus
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Hantavirus
Treatments of Hantavirus: Online Medical Books
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Primarily supportive, treatment consists of maintaining adequate oxygenation, monitoring vital signs, and intervening to stabilize the patient's heart rate and blood pressure.
Drug therapy includes vasopressors, such as dopamine or epinephrine, for hypotension. Fluid volume replacement may also be ordered (with precautions not to overhydrate the patient). Ribavirin in aerosol form has been used for children, but its efficacy for adults has not been proven.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Infant respiratory distress syndrome:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of an infant with IRDS requires vigorous respiratory support. Warm, humidified, oxygen-enriched gases are administered by oxygen hood or, if such treatment fails, by mechanical ventilation. Severe cases may require mechanical ventilation with PEEPor continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), administered by nasal prongs or, when necessary, endotracheal (ET) intubation. Special ventilation techniques are now used on the patients refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation. These include high-frequency jet ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is the last choice for ventilation and is only available in certain specialized facilities. Treatment of IRDS also includes:
❑ a radiant warmer or isolette for thermoregulation
❑ I.V. fluids and sodium bicarbonate to control acidosis and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
❑ tube feedings or total parenteral nutrition if the neonate is too weak to eat
❑ administration of surfactant by an ET tube (Studies show that this treatment can prevent or improve the course of IRDS as well as reduce mortality.)
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Acute respiratory distress syndrome:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of underlying disorder, supportive care (oxygen, mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure, diuretics), correction of acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities, chemical paralysis if necessary
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Primarily supportive, treatment consists of maintaining adequate oxygenation, monitoring vital signs, and intervening to stabilize the patient’s heart rate and blood pressure.
Drug therapy includes administering vasopressors, such as dopamine or epinephrine, for hypotension. Fluid volume replacement may also be ordered (with precautions not to overhydrate the patient).
I.V. ribavirin early in the illness has shown benefit.
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Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Acuterespiratory distress syndrome:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
When possible, treatment is designed to correct the underlying cause of ARDS and to prevent progression and potentially fatal complications of hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. Supportive medical care involves administering humidified oxygen through a tight-fitting mask, which allows for the use of continuous positive airway pressure. Hypoxemia that doesn’t respond adequately to these measures requires ventilatory support with intubation, volume ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and increased ratio ventilation. Other supportive measures include fluid restriction, diuretics, and the correction of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities.
UNDER STUDY: Experimental treatments are in progress using whole lung lavage with fluorocarbons. Initial therapies in select cases have been promising.
CLINICAL TIP: When ARDS requires mechanical ventilation, a sedative, narcotic, or neuromuscular blocker may be prescribed to minimize restlessness — and thereby oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production — as well as to facilitate ventilation.
If ARDS results from fat emboli or chemical injury to the lungs, a short course of high-dose steroids may help if given early. Treatment to reverse severe metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate may be necessary, and the use of fluids and a vasopressor may be required to maintain blood pressure. Treatable infections require an antimicrobial.
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Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Respiratory distress syndrome:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
An infant with respiratory distress syndrome requires vigorous respiratory support. Warm, humidified, oxygen-enriched gases are administered by oxygen hood or, if such treatment fails, by mechanical ventilation. Severe cases may require mechanical ventilation with PEEP or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), administered by a tightly fitting face mask or, when necessary, endotracheal (ET) intubation.
Treatment also includes:
❑ a radiant infant warmer or Isolette for thermoregulation
❑ I.V. fluids and sodium bicarbonate to control acidosis and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
❑ tube feedings or total parenteral nutrition if the neonate is too weak to eat
❑ administration of surfactant by an ET tube.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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