Causes of Heart disease

Causes of Heart disease: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Heart disease.

Cardiomegaly: Differential Diagnosis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

• Congestive heart failure
• Ischemic heart disease
• Hypertension (with left ventricular hypertrophy)
• Valvular disease (primarily MR, AS, AR)
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Congenital heart disorders (e.g., ASD, VSD, PDA, coarctation of the aorta, Ebstein's anomaly, tetralogy of Fallot)
• Idiopathic cardiomyopathy
• Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
• Lung disease (leading to right-sided enlargement)
  –Pulmonary embolus
  –COPD
  –Cor pulmonale
  –Primary pulmonary hypertension
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis
• Myocarditis
• Renal failure (risk of pericardial effusion)
• Anemia
• Scleroderma
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Sickle cell disease
• Marfan's syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Drugs (numerous drugs are cardiotoxic)
• Postradiation
• Normal, “athletic” heart
• Mediastinal mass
• Kyphoscoliosis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Less common etiologies include infiltrative diseases (e.g., amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, atrial myxoma, endocardial fibroelastosis, Fabry's disease, Hurler's syndrome, Pompe's disease), epicardial fat pad, carcinoid, acromegaly, hyper- or hypoparathyroidism, and severe cases of hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and/or hypophosphatemia

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Gallops & Extra Heart Sounds: Differential Diagnosis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

• S₃ gallop
  –Low-frequency diastolic sound following S₂, best heard with bell
  –May be heard normally in healthy young adults
  –The presence of an S₃ in a patient over 40 suggests ventricular enlargement, often secondary to chronic mitral regurgitation, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, elevated left atrial pressure, acute pulmonary edema, or high-output states (e.g., thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy)
  –Right ventricular infarct
  –Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• S₄ gallop
  –Low-frequency diastolic sound preceding S₁, best heard with bell
  –May be normally heard in healthy older adults
  –Occurs with hypertensive heart disease, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, coronary artery disease

• Midsystolic click
  –Most commonly due to mitral valve prolapse

• Pericardial knock
  –Early diastolic sound
  –Common in constrictive pericarditis (with
  or without pericardial calcification)

• Opening snap
  –High-frequency, early diastolic sound
  –Most commonly due to mitral stenosis,
  tricuspid stenosis, ventricular septal defect, thyrotoxicosis

• Early systolic ejection sound (ejection click)
  –Associated with a bicuspid aortic valve, mitral or tricuspid prolapse, aortic stenosis, prosthetic valves

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Irregular Heart Rhythms: Differential Diagnosis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

• Atrial fibrillation
  –One of the most common causes of irregular rhythm
  –Narrow QRS complex without organized atrial contraction (no P waves)
  –Etiologies include infection, thyrotoxicosis, alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, myocarditis, pericarditis, hypertensive crisis, ischemia, MI, CHF, hypoxia, PE, hypertension, valvular heart disease
• Atrial flutter with variable block
  –Narrow QRS complex
  –ECG: “Sawtooth” flutter waves
  –Atrial rate is typically 250–350 bpm
  –Ventricular rate is usually 1/2 or 1/3 of atrial rate (2:1 or 3:1 block)
  –Irregular when variable block is present
  –Result of a macro-reentrant circuit in atrium

• Premature atrial contractions
• Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
• Multifocal atrial tachycardia
  –Multiple areas of atrial impulses (more than three P wave morphologies) followed by a narrow QRS complex
  –HR ≥ 100 bpm
  –Most often seen in patients with lung disease
• Wandering atrial pacemaker
  –Multiple areas of atrial impulses (more than three P wave morphologies) followed by a narrow QRS complex
  –HR ≤ 100 bpm
  –Often occurs in athletes and the very young (increased vagal tone)

• Premature ventricular contractions
• Sinus arrhythmia

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Abnormal Heart Sounds: Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

• Abnormal S2 –Most important auscultatory finding; normally, S2 is single on inspiration and narrowly split on expiration, indicating normal pulmonary arterial pressures; difficult to learn, especially in babies with fast heart rates or a screaming child
  –Single and/or loud S2: Increased pulmonary artery pressure (large L to R shunt, pulmonary hypertension), also seen in patients with only single outlet from heart (i.e., pulmonary atresia)
  –Wide fixed-split S2: ASD, right bundle branch block, post-cardiac surgery

• Systolic murmur
  –Up to 50% of children at some point in life
  –Mid-systolic/ejection type: S1 and S2 separate from the murmur (lub-shhh-dub), due to flow across semilunar valve, harsh indicates semilunar valve stenosis, whereas low-pitched, vibratory, musical indicates innocent murmur
  –Holosystolic/regurgitant murmur: Begins with S1 (which is not clearly heard); always pathologic (mitral valve regurgitation, VSD, subaortic stenosis)

• Diastolic sounds
  –Always abnormal
  –Early and medium/high pitch murmur indicates semilunar valve insufficiency, low frequency rumbling indicates mitral/tricuspid stenosis
  –S3/S4/opening snap: Soft S3 can be normal in healthy children; any sound clearly heard is probably an abnormality of the mitral/tricuspid valve (opening snap) or ventricular filling (S3/S4)

• Continuous murmur
  –Murmur in systole that continues into diastole (may not fill entire diastole)
  –Venous hum: Low pitched, continuous murmur at both upper sternal borders; disappears when supine; innocent
  –Patent ductus arteriosus: Harsh, machinery-like murmur at left upper sternal border (LUSB)

• Systolic ejection click
  –High-pitched sound
  –Early: Bicuspid aortic valve, loudest at apex/LLSB, often confused with split S1
  –Mid/late: Mitral valve prolapse

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Heart Failure: Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

Increased afterload

• Most common in the neonate due to left-sided obstructive lesions, which present acutely
• Aortic coarctation is most common
  –Increased pulse/BP in right arm
  –Decreased pulse/BP in lower extremities
• Critical aortic stenosis
  –Poor pulses, loud murmur
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic arch interruption

Left-to-right shunt lesions
• Normal cardiac muscle funtion but overcirculation of lungs due to a congenital connection between the right and left side of the heart and low PVR
• Usually presents at 1–2 months of age
  –PVR drops and systemic resistance becomes higher than PV
  –Blood shunts from left to right (systemic circulation to pulmonary circulation)
  –Pulmonary overcirculation and poor systemic output (poor peripheral perfusion, low urine output)
• Ventricular septal defect (most common)
• Atrioventricular septal defect (AV canal, endocardial cushion defect), associated with Down syndrome
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Atrial septal defect (usually asymptomatic)

Intrinsic myocardial disease
• More common cause of heart failure in older children and adolescents
• Myocarditis
  –Acute inflammation and dysfunction of cardiac muscle, usually postviral
  –1/3 remain stable, 1/3 return to normal cardiac function, and 1/3 deteriorate
• Cardiomyopathy
  –Dilated most common, but also hypertrophic and restrictive
  –Multiple genetic and metabolic causes, often positive family history, some represent old, “burned-out” myocarditis
• Myocardial infarction (rare)
  –Kawasaki disease
  –Congenital coronary abnormalities (anomalous left coronary artery)

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Cardiac arrhythmias: Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Arrhythmias may be congenital or they may result from one of several factors, including myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, or organic heart disease. Drug ingestion (cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, beta-blockers, psychotropics, sympathomimetics), drug toxicity, or degeneration of the conductive tissue necessary to maintain normal heart rhythm (sick sinus syndrome) can sometimes precipitate arrhythmias. People with imbalances of blood chemistries or those with a history of cardiac conditions (coronary artery disease or heart valve disorders) are at higher risk for developing arrhythmias.

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Cardiac tamponade: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Increased intrapericardial pressure and cardiac tamponade may be idiopathic (Dressler’s syndrome) or may result from:

❑ effusion (in cancer, bacterial infections, tuberculosis and, rarely, acute rheumatic fever)

❑ hemorrhage from trauma (such as gunshot or stab wounds of the chest and perforation by catheter during cardiac or central venous catheterization or postcardiac surgery)

❑ hemorrhage from nontraumatic causes (such as rupture of the heart or great vessels or anticoagulant therapy in a patient with pericarditis)

❑ acute myocardial infarction (MI)

❑ end stage lung cancer

❑ heart tumors

❑ radiation therapy

❑ hypothyroidism

❑ systemic lupus erythematosus

❑ uremia.

Cardiac tamponade occurs in 2 of every 10,000 people.

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Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Rheumatic fever appears to be a hypersensitivity reaction to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, in which antibodies manufactured to combat streptococci react and produce characteristic lesions at specific tissue sites, especially in the heart and joints. Because very few persons (3%) with streptococcal infections ever contract rheumatic fever, altered host resistance must be involved in its development or recurrence. Although rheumatic fever tends to be familial, this may merely reflect contributing environmental factors. For example, in lower socioeconomic groups, incidence is highest in children between ages 5 and 15, probably as a result of malnutrition and crowded living conditions. This disease strikes generally during cool, damp weather in the winter and early spring. In the United States, it’s most common in the northern states.

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Cardiomegaly/Congestive Heart Failure: Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

❑ Congestive heart failure

❑ Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy

❑ Anterior myocardial ischemia

❑ Athlete’s heart

❑ Mitral regurgitation

❑ Aortic stenosis

❑ High output

❑ Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

❑ Pulmonary hypertension

❑ Cor pulmonale

❑ Dilated cardiomyopathy

❑ Endocarditis

❑ Pericardial effusion

❑ Left ventricular aneurysm

❑ Mitral stenosis

❑ Amyloidosis

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Discrete Heart Sounds: Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

Phenomena

❑ S₄ gallop

❑ Midsystolic click

❑ S₃ gallop

❑ Loud S₂

❑ Widely split S₁

❑ Widely split S₂

❑ Ejection click

❑ Variable S₁

❑ Paradoxical splitting of S₂

❑ Loud S₁

❑ Fixed splitting of S₂

❑ Opening snap

❑ Pericardial knock

❑ Tumor plop

❑ Sail sound

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Cardiac arrhythmias: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Arrhythmias may be congenital, or they may result from one of several factors, including myocardial ischemia, a myocardial infarction, and organic heart disease. Drug toxicity or degeneration of the conductive tissue necessary to maintain normal heart rhythm (sick sinus syndrome) sometimes can also precipitate arrhythmias.

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Cardiac tamponade: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Increased intrapericardial pressure and cardiac tamponade may be idiopathic (Dressler’s syndrome) or may result from any of the following conditions:

❑ effusion (in patients with cancer, a bacterial infection, tuberculosis or, rarely, acute rheumatic fever)

❑ hemorrhage from trauma (such as gunshot or stab wounds of the chest and perforation by a catheter during cardiac or central venous catheterization or after cardiac surgery)

❑ hemorrhage from nontraumatic causes (such as rupture of the heart or great vessels or anticoagulant therapy in a patient with pericarditis)

❑ acute myocardial infarction (MI)

❑ uremia.

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Heart failure: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Heart failure may result from a primary abnormality of the heart muscle (such as an infarction), inadequate myocardial perfusion due to coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathy. Other causes include:

❑ mechanical disturbances in ventricular filling during diastole when there’s too little blood for the ventricle to pump, as in mitral stenosis secondary to rheumatic heart disease or constrictive pericarditis and atrial fibrillation

❑ systolic hemodynamic disturbances such as excessive cardiac workload due to volume overloading or pressure overload that limit the heart’s pumping ability.

These disturbances can result from mitral or aortic insufficiency, which causes volume overloading, and aortic stenosis or systemic hypertension, which results in increased resistance to ventricular emptying.

Reduced cardiac output triggers three compensatory mechanisms: ventricular dilation, hypertrophy, and increased sympathetic activity. These mechanisms improve cardiac output at the expense of increased ventricular work.

Cardiac dilation

In cardiac dilation, an increase in end-diastolic ventricular volume (preload) causes increased stroke work and stroke volume during contraction, stretching cardiac muscle fibers beyond optimum limits and producing pulmonary congestion and pulmonary hypertension, which lead in turn to right-sided heart failure.

Ventricular hypertrophy

In ventricular hypertrophy, an increase in muscle mass or the diameter of the left ventricle allows the heart to pump against increased resistance (impedance) to the outflow of blood.

An increase in ventricular diastolic pressure necessary to fill the enlarged ventricle may compromise diastolic coronary blood flow, limiting the oxygen supply to the ventricle and causing ischemia and impaired myocardial contractility.

Increased sympathetic activity

As a response to decreased cardiac output and blood pressure, increased sympathetic activity occurs by enhancing peripheral vascular resistance, contractility, heart rate, and venous return.

Signs of increased sympathetic activity, such as cool extremities and clamminess, may indicate impending heart failure. Increased sympathetic activity also restricts blood flow to the kidneys, which respond by reducing the glomerular filtration rate and increasing tubular reabsorption of sodium and water, in turn expanding the circulating blood volume. This renal mechanism, if unchecked, can aggravate congestion and produce overt edema.

Chronic heart failure may worsen as a result of respiratory tract infections, pulmonary embolism, stress, increased sodium or water intake, and failure to comply with the prescribed treatment regimen.

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Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Rheumatic fever appears to be a hypersensitivity reaction to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, in which antibodies manufactured to combat streptococci react and produce characteristic lesions at specific tissue sites, especially in the heart and joints. About 3% of patients with untreated streptococcal infections develop rheumatic fever.

Although rheumatic fever tends to run in families, this may merely reflect contributing environmental factors. It primarily affects children between ages 6 and 15, usually within 1 to 5 weeks after strep throat or scarlet fever. The disease strikes most often during cool, damp weather in winter and early spring. In the United States, it’s most common in the northern states.

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Heart Murmurs (Asymptomatic): Principal Causes of Heart Murmurs (Asymptomatic)
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)

1. Normalmurmurs
   1. Systolicejection murmurs
      1. Vibratory systolic murmur
      2. Pulmonary systolic murmur (pulmonarytrunk)
      3. Physiologic peripheral pulmonary systolicmurmur (pulmonary branches)
      4. Supraclavicular or brachiocephalicmurmur
   2. Continuous murmurs
      1. Venoushum
2. Pathologic murmurs
   1. Systolicmurmurs
      1. Maximalintensity at the upper right sternal border
         1. Valvaraortic stenosis
      2. Maximal intensity at the upper leftsternal border
         1. Valvar pulmonic stenosis
         2. Atrial septal defects
         3. Mild-to-moderate coarctation of theaorta
         4. Small patent ductus arteriosus
      3. Maximal intensity at the lower leftsternal border
         1. Ventricular septal defect
         2. Tricuspid incompetence
      4. Maximal intensity at the apex
         1. Mitralincompetence
         2. Mitral valve prolapse
   2. Diastolic murmurs
      1. Maximalintensity at the upper right sternal border
         1. Aorticvalve incompetence
      2. Maximal intensity at the upper leftsternal border
         1. Pulmonic valve incompetence
      3. Maximal intensity at the lower leftsternal border
         1. Atrial septal defects
         2. Tricuspid stenosis
         3. Moderate-to-severe tricuspid incompetence
      4. Maximal intensity at the apex
         1. Mitralstenosis
         2. Moderate-to-severe mitral incompetence
         3. Moderate left-to-right shunt lesions
   3. Continuous murmurs
      1. Maximalintensity at the upper left sternal border
         1. Moderate patent ductus arteriosus
      2. Maximal intensity at the left mid sternalborder
         1. Aorticpulmonary window
      3. Maximal intensity with variable location
         1. Coronaryarteriovenous fistula
         2. Systemic arteriovenous fistula

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Cardiac Failure: Principal Causes of Cardiac Failure
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)

1. Excessivevolume load
   1. Left-to-rightshunt lesions
      1. Patentductus arteriosus
      2. Ventricular septal defect
      3. Atrial septal defect (ostium secundum)
      4. Atrioventricular canal defects
         1. Ostiumprimum defect
         2. Complete atrioventricular canal
      5. Aortic pulmonary window
      6. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connectionwithout obstruction
      7. Systemic arteriovenous fistulas
   2. Valvular incompetence
      1. Aorticincompetence
      2. Mitral incompetence
      3. Pulmonary incompetence
      4. Tricuspid incompetence
2. Excessive pressure load
   1. Left ventricularoutflow tract obstruction
      1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      2. Congenital valvar aortic stenosis
      3. Discrete subvalvar aortic stenosis
      4. Supravalvar aortic stenosis
      5. Aortic arch hypoplasia or interruption
      6. Localized juxtaductal coarctation ofthe aorta
   2. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
      1. Congenitalvalvar pulmonic stenosis
   3. Left ventricular inflow tract obstruction
      1. Pulmonaryvein stenosis
      2. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connectionwith obstruction
      3. Cor triatriatum
      4. Supravalvular stenosing ring of theleft atrium
      5. Tumor
      6. Mitral valve obstruction (atresia,stenosis, parachute mitral valve)
   4. Right ventricular inflow tract obstruction
      1. Systemicvenous obstruction
      2. Right atrium obstruction
      3. Tricuspid valve obstruction
      4. Ebstein anomaly
   5. Cor pulmonale
   6. Systemic hypertension
3. Disturbance in myocardial function
   1. Acuterheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
   2. Kawasaki disease
   3. Myocarditis
   4. Pericarditis
   5. Endocarditis
   6. Cardiomyopathy
   7. Myocardial infarction
      1. Anomalousleft coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
      2. Atherosclerosis
   8. Cardiac tumor
   9. Metabolic heart disease
      1. Perinatalasphyxia
      2. Hypocalcemia
      3. Hypoglycemia
      4. Severe anemia
   10. Drugs
4. Complex anatomic lesions
   1. Hypoplasticleft heart complex
   2. Transposition of the great arterieswith a large ventricular septal defect
   3. Double-outlet right ventricle
   4. Truncus arteriosus
   5. Univentricular atrioventricular connections
5. Abnormal cardiac rhythms
   1. Supraventriculartachycardia
   2. Atrial flutter
   3. Complete heart block

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Heart disease as a complication of other conditions:

Other conditions that might have Heart disease as a complication may, potentially, be an underlying cause of Heart disease. Our database lists the following as having Heart disease as a complication of that condition:

• Atherosclerosis
• Dermatomyositis
• Diabetes
• Friedreich's ataxia
• Hemochromatosis
• High Cholesterol
• His bundle tachycardia
• Hypertension
• Kawasaki disease
• Menopause
• Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome
• Paget's disease of bone
• Physical inactivity
• Smoking
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
• Underweight
• X-linked sideroblastic anemia

Heart disease as a symptom:

Conditions listing Heart disease as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Heart disease. Our database lists the following as having Heart disease as a symptom of that condition:

• Cataract and cardiomyopathy
• Cleft palate - heart disease - polydactyly - absent tibia
• Colobomatous microphthalmia - heart disease - hearing loss
• Congenital heart disease - radio ulnar synostosis - mental retardation
• Diffuse systemic sclerosi
• Ectrodactyly - cardiopathy - dysmorphism
• Eye defects - arachnodactyly - cardiopathy
• Fetal indomethacin syndrome
• Genital anomaly - cardiomyopathy
• HEC syndrome
• Infantile spasms - broad thumbs
• Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1E
• Malouf syndrome
• Metabolic disorders
• Mucopolysaccharidoses
• Naxos disease
• Noonan-like syndrome
• Penoscrotal transposition
• Phenobarbital antenatal infection
• Sneddon Syndrome
• Syphilis
• Triose phosphate-isomerase deficiency
• Trisomy 10 mosaicism
• Tsao-Ellingson syndrome

Medications or substances causing Heart disease:

The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible causes of Heart disease as a symptom. This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Anagrelide
• Agrylin

Read more about medication causes of Heart disease

Drug interactions causing Heart disease:

When combined, certain drugs, medications, substances or toxins may react causing Heart disease as a symptom.

The list below is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Semprex-D and over-the-counter drugs that relieve cold symptoms interaction
• Trinalin Repetabs and over-the-counter drugs that relieve cold symptoms interaction
• Brofed Liquid and over-the-counter drugs that relieve cold symptoms interaction
• Bromfed and over-the-counter drugs that relieve cold symptoms interaction
• Bromfed-PD and over-the-counter drugs that relieve cold symptoms interaction

See full list of 78 drug interactions causing Heart disease

What causes Heart disease?

Article excerpts about the causes of Heart disease:
Recent research also shows that the level of homocysteine in the blood is affected by the consumption of three vitamins--folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12. People who consume less than the recommended daily amounts of these vitamins are more likely to have higher homocysteine levels. Recommended daily amounts are as follows: 400 micrograms of folic acid, 2 milligrams of B6, and 6 micrograms of B12. (Source: excerpt from NHLBI Heart Disease & Women Are You At Risk: NHLBI)

Medical news summaries relating to Heart disease:

The following medical news items are relevant to causes of Heart disease:

• Air pollution linked to cardiovascular disease
• All about obesity
• Alzheimer's protein affected by body fat
• Breastfeeding lowers blood pressure
• Cancer deaths take over deaths caused by heart disease
• Childhood blood pressure linked to adult heart disease
• Childhood cancer decreases later quality of life
• Children increasingly face adult diseases
• Co-morbidities override high blood pressure
• COX-2 inhibitors need further analysis to determine the range of side effects
• CRP may be linked to risk of heart disease
• Depression deadly in heart disease
• Diabetes in children demanding education
• Diabetes: the simple facts
• Diabetics need to be aware of possible complications
• Diuretics and diabetes
• Drug usage increasing among Americans and so is the risk of serious side effects
• Eating for your health
• Erectile dysfunction linked to vascular problems
• Expanding waistlines inducing heat disease
• Facts about Kawasaki disease
• Future risk of heart disease predictive with pregnancy
• GI diet to assist cystic ovary disease
• Heart attacks prevented with new drug regime
• Heart disease and stress
• Heart disease can occur in people with few cardiovascular risks
• Heart disease influenced by poor oral hygiene
• Heart disease link to impotence
• High blood pressure may be improved by meditation
• High cholesterol in women needs to be given more attention
• How much is really known about the safety of statins
• Hypothyroidism and heart disease
• Hypothyroidism frequently misdiagnosed or undiagnosed
• Kawasaki disease effects reduced with steroid treatment
• Kidney stone risk increased by obesity
• Lack of sleep influences illnesses
• Long-term offspring health may be affected by mother’s diet during pregnancy
• Medication and hypertension
• Metabolic syndrome (X)
• Metabolic syndrome mechanism defined
• More to diabetes diagnosis
• More women using natural hormones for menopause therapy
• Native Americans at significant risk for heart problems
• Neonatal herpes proposed tracking
• New Heart Disease risk factors
• New risk factors may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk
• Obesity also risk for cancer
• Obesity leads to liver disease
• Over the counter drugs and older drugs should not necessarily safe
• Paracetamol a safe and effective alternative to other anti-inflammatories
• PCOS may be improved by the diet drug Xenical
• Plant protein may protect against some human diseases
• Pregnancy diet could increase the risk of cancer in offspring
• Prolonged use of HIV treatment leads to heart disease and stroke
• Rheumatoid arthritis and heart disease link
• Rheumatoid arthritis sufferers face greater risk of silent heart disease
• Scientists examine effects of lack of activity
• Study shows 88-140,000 people may have suffered from cardiovascular problems caused by Vioxx
• Sudden death confronting fit teens
• Suspension of Aleve comes as a surprise
• Teenagers and cancer
• The whole body toll of high blood pressure
• UK government gets serious about averting high salt consumption
• Underweight arthritic patients are more prone to death from cardiovascular disease
• Warning signs of a heart attack
• Weighty issue for men
• WHO concerned with increase incidence in stroke and heart disease
• William's syndrome
• Women needlessly scared off using HRT

Related information on causes of Heart disease:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Heart disease may be found in:

• Risk factors for Heart disease
• Medications that may cause Heart disease
• Genetics of Heart disease
• Hidden causes of Heart disease