Causes of Heartburn

List of causes of Heartburn

Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Heartburn) that could possibly cause Heartburn includes:

• Reflux
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Hiatal hernia
• Weak esophageal muscles
• Acid regurgitation
• Peptic ulcer
• Stomach emptying disorders
• Gastrointestinal motility disorders
• Coughing too hard
• Certain medications
• Other causes of reflux

More causes: see full list of causes for Heartburn

Causes of Heartburn: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review the full text of medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Heartburn.

Heartburn: Differential Diagnosis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

• Distinguish between esophageal pain (reflux) and cardiac pain (angina)
• Coronary artery disease
  –Angina/ischemia
  –Myocardial infarction
  –Pericardial disease
• Esophageal pathology
  –Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  –Hiatal hernia
  –Motility disorders with decreased peristaltic clearance (e.g., achalasia)
  –Peptic ulcer disease
  –Gastritis
  –Infectious esophagitis (e.g., Candida, HIV, CMV, HSV): Common in immunosup pressed patients
  –Barrett's esophagus
  –Esophageal carcinoma (commonly squamous cell)
  –Strictures, webs, or rings
  –Esophageal diverticulum
  –Scleroderma
  –Esophageal varices
  –Mallory-Weiss tear
  –Esophageal atresia or fistula
  • Caustic agent ingestion with resultant mucosal injury
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Chagas’ disease
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Muscle strain
  • Asthma
  • Pregnancy

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Dyspepsia: Medical causes
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

Cholelithiasis.

Dyspepsia may occur with gallstones, usually after eating fatty foods. Biliary colic, a more common symptom of gallstones, causes acute pain that may radiate to the back, shoulders, and chest. The patient may also have diaphoresis, tachycardia, chills, a low-grade fever, petechiae, bleeding tendencies, jaundice with pruritus, dark urine, and clay-colored stools.

Cirrhosis

With cirrhosis, dyspepsia varies in intensity and duration and is relieved by taking an antacid. Other GI effects are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distention, and epigastric or right upper quadrant pain. Weight loss, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, dependent edema, a fever, bleeding tendencies, and muscle weakness are also common. Skin changes include severe pruritus, extreme dryness, easy bruising, and lesions, such as telangiectasis and palmar erythema. Gynecomastia or testicular atrophy may also occur.

Duodenal ulcer

A primary symptom of a duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia ranges from a vague feeling of fullness or pressure to a boring or aching sensation in the middle or right epigastrium. It usually occurs 1.5 to 3 hours after a meal and is relieved by eating food or taking an antacid. The pain may awaken the patient at night with heartburn and fluid regurgitation. Abdominal tenderness and weight gain may occur; vomiting and anorexia are rare.

Gastric dilation (acute)

Epigastric fullness is an early symptom of gastric dilation, alife-threatening disorder. Accompanying dyspepsia are nausea and vomiting, upper abdominal distention, succussion splash, and apathy. The patient may display signs and symptoms of dehydration, such as poor tissue turgor and dry mucous membranes, and of electrolyte imbalance, such as an irregular pulse and muscle weakness. Gastric bleeding may produce hematemesis and melena.

Gastric ulcer

Typically, dyspepsia and heartburn after eating occur early in gastric ulcer. The cardinal symptom, however, is epigastric pain that may occur with vomiting, fullness, and abdominal distention and may not be relieved by eating food. Weight loss and GI bleeding are also characteristic.

Gastritis (chronic)

With chronic gastritis, dyspepsia is relieved by antacids; lessened by smaller, more frequent meals; and aggravated by spicy foods or excessive caffeine. It occurs with anorexia, a feeling of fullness, vague epigastric pain, belching, nausea, and vomiting.

GI cancer

GI cancer usually produces chronic dyspepsia. Other features include anorexia, fatigue, jaundice, melena, hematemesis, constipation, and abdominal pain.

Heart failure

Common with right-sided heart failure, transient dyspepsia may occur with chest tightness and a constant ache or sharp pain in the right upper quadrant. Heart failure also typically causes hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, ascites, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, tachypnea, dyspnea, and orthopnea. Other findings include dependent edema, anxiety, fatigue, diaphoresis, hypotension, a cough, crackles, ventricular and atrial gallops, nocturia, diastolic hypertension, and cool, pale skin.

Hepatitis

Dyspepsia occurs in two of the three stages of hepatitis. The preicteric phase produces moderate to severe dyspepsia, a fever, malaise, arthralgia, coryza, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, an altered sense of taste or smell, and hepatomegaly. Jaundice marks the onset of the icteric phase, along with continued dyspepsia and anorexia, irritability, and severe pruritus. As jaundice clears, dyspepsia and other GI effects also diminish. In the recovery phase, only fatigue remains.

Hiatal hernia

Dyspepsia is a result of the lower portion of the esophagus and the upper portion of the stomach rising into the chest when abdominal pressure increases.

Pulmonary embolism

Sudden dyspnea characterizes pulmonary embolism, a potentially fatal disorder; however, dyspepsia may occur as an oppressive, severe, substernal discomfort. Other findings include anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, a cough, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, syncope, cyanosis, jugular vein distention, and hypotension.

Pulmonary tuberculosis

Vague dyspepsia may occur along with anorexia, malaise, and weight loss. Common associated findings include a high fever, night sweats, palpitations on mild exertion, a productive cough, dyspnea, adenopathy, and occasional hemoptysis.

Uremia

Of the many GI complaints associated with uremia, dyspepsia may be the earliest and most important. Others include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, epigastric pain, and weight gain. As the renal system deteriorates, the patient may experience edema, pruritus, pallor, hyperpigmentation, uremic frost, ecchymoses, sexual dysfunction, poor memory, irritability, a headache, drowsiness, muscle twitching, seizures, and oliguria.

Other causes

Drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially aspirin, commonly cause dyspepsia. Diuretics, antibiotics, antihypertensives, corticosteroids, and many other drugs can cause dyspepsia, depending on the patient's tolerance of the dosage.

Surgery

After GI or other surgery, postoperative gastritis can cause dyspepsia, which usually disappears in a few weeks.

READ FULL BOOK TEXT ONLINE »

Esophageal diverticula: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Esophageal diverticula are due to primary muscular abnormalities that may be congenital or to inflammatory processes adjacent to the esophagus. Zenker’s diverticulum occurs when the pouch results from increased intraesophageal pressure; traction diverticulum occurs when the pouch is pulled out by adjacent inflamed tissue or lymph nodes. Some authorities classify all diverticula as traction diverticula.

Zenker’s diverticulum results from developmental muscular weakness of the posterior pharynx above the border of the cricopharyngeal muscle. The pressure of swallowing aggravates this weakness, as does contraction of the pharynx before relaxation of the sphincter. A midesophageal (traction) diverticulum is a response to scarring and pulling on esophageal walls by an external inflammatory process such as tuberculosis. An epiphrenic diverticulum (rare) is generally right-sided and usually accompanies an esophageal motor disturbance, such as esophageal spasm or achalasia. It’s thought to be caused by traction and pulsation.

Most diverticula occur in middle-aged and elderly patients. Zenker’s diverticula most commonly in patients older than age 50 and are especially prevalent in patients in their 70s and 80s.

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Dyspepsia: Medical causes
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

Cholelithiasis

Dyspepsia may occur with gallstones, commonly after intake of fatty foods. Biliary colic, a more common symptom of gallstones, causes acute pain that may radiate to the back, shoulders, and chest. The patient may also have diaphoresis, tachycardia, chills, low-grade fever, petechiae, bleeding tendencies, jaundice with pruritus, dark urine, and clay-colored stools.

Cirrhosis

In this chronic disorder, dyspepsia varies in intensity and duration and is relieved by ingestion of an antacid. Other GI effects are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distention, and epigastric or right-upper-quadrant pain. Weight loss, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, dependent edema, fever, bleeding tendencies, and muscle weakness are also common. Skin changes include severe pruritus, extreme dryness, easy bruising, and lesions, such as telangiectasis and palmar erythema. Gynecomastia or testicular atrophy may also occur.

Duodenal ulcer

A primary symptom of duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia ranges from a vague feeling of fullness or pressure to a boring or aching sensation in the middle or right epigastrium. It usually occurs 1½ to 3 hours after eating and is relieved by food or an antacid. The pain may awaken the patient at night with heartburn and fluid regurgitation. Abdominal tenderness and weight gain may occur; vomiting and anorexia are rare.

Gastric dilation (acute)

Epigastric fullness is an early symptom of this life-threatening disorder. Accompanying dyspepsia are nausea and vomiting, upper abdominal distention, a succussion splash, and apathy. The patient may display signs and symptoms of dehydration, such as poor skin turgor and dry mucous membranes, and of electrolyte imbalance, such as irregular pulse and muscle weakness. Gastric bleeding may produce hematemesis and melena.

Gastric ulcer

Dyspepsia and heartburn after eating may occur in the early stages of a gastric ulcer. The cardinal symptom, however, is epigastric pain that may occur with vomiting, fullness, and abdominal distention and may not be relieved by food. Weight loss and GI bleeding are also characteristic.

Gastritis (chronic)

In this disorder, dyspepsia is relieved by antacids; lessened by smaller, more frequent meals; and aggravated by spicy foods or excessive caffeine. It occurs with anorexia, a feeling of fullness, vague epigastric pain, belching, nausea, and vomiting.

GI cancer

This type of cancer usually produces chronic dyspepsia. Other features include anorexia, fatigue, jaundice, melena, hematemesis, constipation, and abdominal pain.

Heart failure

Common in right-sided heart failure, transient dyspepsia may occur with chest tightness and a constant ache or sharp pain in the right upper quadrant. Heart failure also typically causes hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, ascites, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, tachypnea, dyspnea, and orthopnea. Other findings include dependent edema, anxiety, fatigue, diaphoresis, hypotension, cough, crackles, ventricular and atrial gallops, nocturia, elevated diastolic blood pressure, and cool, pale skin.

Hepatitis

Dyspepsia occurs in two of the three stages of hepatitis. The preicteric phase produces moderate to severe dyspepsia, fever, malaise, arthralgia, coryza, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, an altered sense of taste or smell, and hepatomegaly. Jaundice marks the onset of the icteric phase, which also includes continued dyspepsia, anorexia, irritability, and severe pruritus. As jaundice clears, dyspepsia and other GI effects also diminish. In the recovery phase, only fatigue remains.

Hiatal hernia

In this disorder, dyspepsia results when the lower portion of the esophagus and the upper portion of the stomach rise into the chest as abdominal pressure increases.

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Dyspepsia is usually accompanied by severe continuous or intermittent epigastric pain that radiates to the back or through the abdomen. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, dramatic weight loss, hyperglycemia, and steatorrhea may also occur. The patient may have Turner’s or Cullen’s sign.

Pulmonary embolism

Sudden dyspnea characterizes this potentially fatal disorder; however, dyspepsia may occur as an oppressive, severe, substernal discomfort. Other findings include anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, cough, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, syncope, cyanosis, jugular vein distention, and hypotension.

Pulmonary tuberculosis

Vague dyspepsia may occur along with anorexia, malaise, and weight loss. Common associated findings include high fever, night sweats, palpitations on mild exertion, a productive cough, dyspnea, adenopathy, and occasional hemoptysis.

Uremia

Of the many GI complaints associated with uremia, dyspepsia may be the earliest and most important. Others include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, epigastric pain, and weight gain. As the renal system deteriorates, the patient may experience edema, pruritus, pallor, hyperpigmentation, uremic frost, ecchymoses, sexual dysfunction, poor memory, irritability, headache, drowsiness, muscle twitching, seizures, and oliguria.

Other causes

Drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially aspirin, commonly cause dyspepsia. Diuretics, antibiotics, antihypertensives, corticosteroids, and many other drugs can also cause dyspepsia, depending on the patient’s tolerance of the dosage.

Surgery

After GI or other surgery, postoperative gastritis can cause dyspepsia, which usually disappears in a few weeks.

READ FULL BOOK TEXT ONLINE »

dysphagia/Heartburn: Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

Dysphagia

❑ Infectious esophagitis

❑ Reflux stricture

❑ Zenker diverticulum

❑ Transfer dysphagia

❑ Diffuse esophageal spasm

❑ Foreign body

❑ Esophageal cancer

❑ Achalasia

❑ External compression

❑ Scleroderma

❑ Myasthenia gravis

❑ Radiation injury

❑ Globus hystericus

❑ Esophageal web

❑ Botulism

Heartburn

❑ Reflux esophagitis

❑ Drugs

❑ Gastritis

❑ Pregnancy

❑ Aerophagia

❑ Infectious esophagitis

❑ Scleroderma

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Esophageal diverticula: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Esophageal diverticula are caused by either primary muscle abnormalities that may be congenital or inflammatory processes adjacent to the esophagus.

Zenker’s diverticulum

When the pouch results from increased intraesophageal pressure, Zenker’s diverticulum occurs. It’s caused by developmental muscle weakness of the posterior pharynx above the border of the cricopharyngeal muscle. The pressure of swallowing aggravates this weakness, as does contraction of the pharynx before relaxation of the sphincter.

Traction diverticulum

When the pouch is pulled out by adjacent inflamed tissue or lymph nodes, a midesophageal (traction) diverticulum occurs. It’s a response to scarring and pulling on esophageal walls by an external inflammatory process such as tuberculosis. It’s diagnosed as an incidental finding on a barium esophagogram and is usually asymptomatic. No specific treatment is indicated.

Epiphrenic diverticulum

This diverticulum occurs within the distal 4" (10 cm) of the esophagus. It’s a pulsion diverticulum that’s caused by abnormally elevated pressure within the lumen of the esophagus.

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Dyspepsia: Medical causes
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

Cholelithiasis

Dyspepsia may occur with cholelithiasis (the formation of gallstones), commonly after intake of fatty foods. Biliary colic, a more common symptom of cholelithiasis, causes acute pain that may radiate to the back, shoulders, and chest. The patient may also have diaphoresis, tachycardia, chills, low-grade fever, petechiae, bleeding tendencies, jaundice with pruritus, dark urine, and clay-colored stools.

Cirrhosis

With cirrhosis, dyspepsia varies in intensity and duration and is relieved by ingestion of an antacid. Other GI effects are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distention, and epigastric or right-upper-quadrant pain. Weight loss, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, dependent edema, fever, bleeding tendencies, and muscle weakness are also common. Skin changes include severe pruritus, extreme dryness, easy bruising, and lesions, such as telangiectasis and palmar erythema. Gynecomastia or testicular atrophy may also occur.

Duodenal ulcer

A primary symptom of duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia ranges from a vague feeling of fullness or pressure to a boring or aching sensation in the middle or right epigastrium. It usually occurs 1½ to 3 hours after eating and is relieved by intake of food or ingestion of an antacid. The pain may awaken the patient at night with heartburn and fluid regurgitation. Abdominal tenderness and weight gain may occur; vomiting and anorexia are rare.

Gastric dilation (acute)

Epigastric fullness is an early symptom of acute gastric dilation, a life-threatening disorder. Accompanying dyspepsia are nausea and vomiting, upper abdominal distention, succussion splash, and apathy. The patient with acute gastric dilation may display signs and symptoms of dehydration, such as poor tissue turgor and dry mucous membranes, and of electrolyte imbalance, such as irregular pulse and muscle weakness. Gastric bleeding may produce hematemesis and melena.

Gastric ulcer

Typically, dyspepsia and heartburn after eating occur early in a gastric ulcer. The cardinal symptom, however, is epigastric pain that may occur with vomiting, fullness, and abdominal distention and may not be relieved by food. Weight loss and GI bleeding are also characteristic.

Gastritis (chronic)

With chronic gastritis, dyspepsia is relieved by antacids; lessened by smaller, more frequent meals; and aggravated by spicy foods or excessive caffeine. It occurs with anorexia, a feeling of fullness, vague epigastric pain, belching, nausea, and vomiting.

GI cancer

GI cancer usually produces chronic dyspepsia. Other features include anorexia, fatigue, jaundice, melena, hematemesis, constipation, and abdominal pain. The patient may also experience pain after eating that isn’t relieved by antacids. Syncope, weakness, and weight loss may also occur.

Heart failure

Common with right-sided heart failure, transient dyspepsia may occur with chest tightness and a constant ache or sharp pain in the right upper quadrant. Heart failure also typically causes hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, ascites, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, tachypnea, dyspnea, and orthopnea. Other findings include dependent edema, anxiety, fatigue, diaphoresis, hypotension, cough, crackles, ventricular and atrial gallops, nocturia, diastolic hypertension, and cool, pale skin.

Hepatitis

Dyspepsia occurs in two of the three stages of hepatitis. The preicteric phase produces moderate to severe dyspepsia, fever, malaise, arthralgia, coryza, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, an altered sense of taste or smell, and hepatomegaly. Jaundice marks the onset of the icteric phase, along with continued dyspepsia and anorexia, irritability, and severe pruritus. As jaundice clears, dyspepsia and other GI effects also diminish. In the recovery phase, only fatigue remains.

Hiatal hernia

With hiatal hernia, dyspepsia results when increased abdominal pressure causes the lower portion of the esophagus and the upper portion of the stomach to rise into the chest. Other signs and symptoms include heartburn and retrosternal or substernal chest pain. Signs and symptoms of possible complications include dysphagia, bleeding, and severe pain and shock.

Pancreatitis (chronic)

With chronic pancreatitis, a feeling of fullness or dyspepsia is usually accompanied by severe continuous or intermittent epigastric pain that radiates to the back or through the abdomen. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, dramatic weight loss, hyperglycemia, and steatorrhea may also occur. The patient may have Turner’s or Cullen’s sign.

Uremia

Of the many GI complaints associated with uremia, dyspepsia may be the earliest and most important. Others include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, epigastric pain, and weight gain. As the renal system deteriorates, the patient may experience edema, pruritus, pallor, hyperpigmentation, uremic frost, ecchymoses, sexual dysfunction, poor memory, irritability, headache, drowsiness, muscle twitching, seizures, and oliguria.

Other causes

Drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, especially aspirin, commonly cause dyspepsia. Diuretics, antibiotics, antihypertensives, corticosteroids, and many other drugs can cause dyspepsia, depending on the patient’s tolerance of the dosage.

Surgery

After GI or other surgery, postoperative gastritis can cause dyspepsia, which usually disappears in a few weeks.

READ FULL BOOK TEXT ONLINE »

Dyspepsia: Medical causes
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

Cholelithiasis.Dyspepsia may occur with gallstones, usually after eating fatty foods. Biliary colic, a more common symptom of gallstones, causes acute pain that may radiate to the back, shoulders, and chest. The patient may also have diaphoresis, tachycardia, chills, a low-grade fever, petechiae, bleeding tendencies, jaundice with pruritus, dark urine, and clay-colored stools.

Cirrhosis.With cirrhosis, dyspepsia varies in intensity and duration and is relieved by taking an antacid. Other GI effects are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distention, and epigastric or right upper quadrant pain. Weight loss, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, dependent edema, a fever, bleeding tendencies, and muscle weakness are also common. Skin changes include severe pruritus, extreme dryness, easy bruising, and lesions, such as telangiectasis and palmar erythema. Gynecomastia or testicular atrophy may also occur.

Duodenal ulcer.A primary symptom of a duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia ranges from a vague feeling of fullness or pressure to a boring or aching sensation in the middle or right epigastrium. It usually occurs 11⁄2 to 3 hours after a meal and is relieved by eating food or taking an antacid. The pain may awaken the patient at night with heartburn and fluid regurgitation. Abdominal tenderness and weight gain may occur; vomiting and anorexia are rare.

Gastric dilation (acute).Epigastric fullness is an early symptom of gastric dilation, a life-threatening disorder. Accompanying dyspepsia are nausea and vomiting, upper abdominal distention, succussion splash, and apathy. The patient may display signs and symptoms of dehydration, such as poor tissue turgor and dry mucous membranes, and of electrolyte imbalance, such as an irregular pulse and muscle weakness. Gastric bleeding may produce hematemesis and melena.

Gastric ulcer.Typically, dyspepsia and heartburn after eating occur early in gastric ulcer. The cardinal symptom, however, is epigastric pain that may occur with vomiting, fullness, and abdominal distention and may not be relieved by eating food. Weight loss and GI bleeding are also characteristic.

Gastritis (chronic).With chronic gastritis, dyspepsia is relieved by antacids; lessened by smaller, more frequent meals; and aggravated by spicy foods or excessive caffeine. It occurs with anorexia, a feeling of fullness, vague epigastric pain, belching, nausea, and vomiting.

GI cancer.GI cancer usually produces chronic dyspepsia. Other features include anorexia, fatigue, jaundice, melena, hematemesis, constipation, and abdominal pain.

Heart failure.Common with right-sided heart failure, transient dyspepsia may occur with chest tightness and a constant ache or sharp pain in the right upper quadrant. Heart failure also typically causes hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, ascites, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, tachypnea, dyspnea, and orthopnea. Other findings include dependent edema, anxiety, fatigue, diaphoresis, hypotension, a cough, crackles, ventricular and atrial gallops, nocturia, diastolic hypertension, and cool, pale skin.

Hepatitis.Dyspepsia occurs in two of the three stages of hepatitis. The preicteric phase produces moderate to severe dyspepsia, a fever, malaise, arthralgia, coryza, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, an altered sense of taste or smell, and hepatomegaly. Jaundice marks the onset of the icteric phase, along with continued dyspepsia and anorexia, irritability, and severe pruritus. As jaundice clears, dyspepsia and other GI effects also diminish. In the recovery phase, only fatigue remains.

Hiatal hernia.Dyspepsia is a result of the lower portion of the esophagus and the upper portion of the stomach rising into the chest when abdominal pressure increases.

Pulmonary embolism.Sudden dyspnea characterizes pulmonary embolism, a potentially fatal disorder; however, dyspepsia may occur as an oppressive, severe, substernal discomfort. Other findings include anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, a cough, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, syncope, cyanosis, jugular vein distention, and hypotension.

Pulmonary tuberculosis.Vague dyspepsia may occur along with anorexia, malaise, and weight loss. Common associated findings include a high fever, night sweats, palpitations on mild exertion, a productive cough, dyspnea, adenopathy, and occasional hemoptysis.

Uremia.Of the many GI complaints associated with uremia, dyspepsia may be the earliest and most important. Others include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, epigastric pain, and weight gain. As the renal system deteriorates, the patient may experience edema, pruritus, pallor, hyperpigmentation, uremic frost, ecchymoses, sexual dysfunction, poor memory, irritability, headache, drowsiness, muscle twitching, seizures, and oliguria.

Other causes

Drugs.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially aspirin, commonly cause dyspepsia. Diuretics, antibiotics, antihypertensives, corticosteroids, and many other drugs can cause dyspepsia, depending on the patient's tolerance of the dosage.

Surgery.After GI or other surgery, postoperative gastritis can cause dyspepsia, which usually disappears in a few weeks.

READ FULL BOOK TEXT ONLINE »

Heartburn as a complication of other conditions:

Other conditions that might have Heartburn as a complication may, potentially, be an underlying cause of Heartburn. Our database lists the following as having Heartburn as a complication of that condition:

• Hiatal hernia
• Reflux
• Sjogren's Syndrome

Heartburn as a symptom:

Conditions listing Heartburn as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Heartburn. Our database lists the following as having Heartburn as a symptom of that condition:

• Barrett syndrome
• Barrett's esophagus
• Crohn's disease of the esophagus
• Diffuse systemic sclerosi
• Esophagus Cancer
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Glucosamine - adverse effects
• Helicobacter pylori bacteria
• Hiatal hernia
• Indigestion
• Niacin toxicity
• Reflux
• REST syndrome
• Scleroderma
• Short Bowel Syndrome
• Sleep Apnea Syndromes
• Stomach cancer
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Medications or substances causing Heartburn:

The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible causes of Heartburn as a symptom. This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Aspirin
• Certain arthritis medications
• Diphenidol Hydrochloride
• Vontrol
• Cyclandelate

See full list of 352 medications causing Heartburn

Drug interactions causing Heartburn:

When combined, certain drugs, medications, substances or toxins may react causing Heartburn as a symptom.

The list below is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Alcohol and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
• Alcohol and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
• Alcohol and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
• Alcohol and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
• Alcohol and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction

See full list of 38 drug interactions causing Heartburn

What causes Heartburn?

Causes: Heartburn: Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle allowing stomach acid to come back up the esophagus.

What triggers Heartburn?

The following conditions are listed as possible triggers for Heartburn:

• Alcohol
• Coffee
• Spicy foods
• Acidic fruits
• Large meal
• Rich meal
• Belching
• Bending forward
• Over-eating
• Sleeping too soon after a meal
• Lying down too soon after a meal
• Fatty foods
• Citrus foods
• Caffeine
• Straining to urinate
• Straining to pass stool

Medical news summaries relating to Heartburn:

The following medical news items are relevant to causes of Heartburn:

• Asthma association with reflux
• Chemical signals involved in cancer causes found
• Coffee, brown bread and exercise reduce risk of GERD
• Non-surgical treatment for reflux
• Reflux in detail
• Reflux medication tied with Clostridium gut infection
• Salt intake linked to heartburn risk

Related information on causes of Heartburn:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Heartburn may be found in:

• Risk factors for Heartburn
• Medications that may cause Heartburn
• Hidden causes of Heartburn

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