Causes of Heat exhaustion
Heat exhaustion Causes: Book Excerpts
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Related information on causes of Heat exhaustion:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Heat exhaustion may be found in:
Causes of Heat exhaustion: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the causes of Heat exhaustion.
Heat intolerance:
Medical causes
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
Hypothalamic disease
With hypothalamic disease, body temperature fluctuates dramatically, causing alternating heat and cold intolerance
Related features include amenorrhea, disturbed sleep patterns, increased thirst and urination, increased appetite with weight gain, impaired visual acuity, a headache, and personality changes, such as bursts of rage or laughter Common causes of hypothalamic disease are pituitary adenoma and hypothalamic and pineal tumors.
Thyrotoxicosis
A classic symptom of thyrotoxicosis, heat intolerance may be accompanied by an enlarged thyroid, nervousness, weight loss despite increased appetite, diaphoresis, diarrhea, tremor, and palpitations Although exophthalmos is characteristic, many patients don’t display this sign
Associated findings may affect virtually every body system. Some common findings include irritability, difficulty concentrating, mood swings, insomnia, muscle weakness, fatigue, lid lag, tachycardia, full and bounding pulse, a widened pulse pressure, dyspnea, amenorrhea, and gynecomastia. Typically, the patient’s skin is warm and flushed; premature graying and alopecia occur in both sexes.
Other causes
Drugs
Amphetamines, amphetamine-like appetite suppressants, and excessive doses of thyroid hormone may cause heat intolerance Anticholinergics may interfere with sweating, resulting in heat intolerance.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Heat syndrome:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Normally, people adjust to excessive temperatures via complex cardiovascular and neurologic changes that are coordinated by the hypothalamus. Heat loss offsets heat production to regulate the body temperature. It does this by evaporation (sweating) or vasodilation, which cools the body’s surface by radiation, conduction, and convection.
However, heat production increases with exercise, infection, and the use of certain drugs such as amphetamines, and heat loss decreases with high temperatures or humidity, lack of acclimatization, excess clothing, obesity, dehydration, cardiovascular disease, sweat gland dysfunction, and the use of such drugs as phenothiazines and anticholinergics. When heat loss mechanisms fail to offset heat production, the body retains heat and may develop heat syndrome.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Heat intolerance:
Medical causes
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Hypothalamic disease
In this rare disease, body temperature fluctuates dramatically, causing alternating heat and cold intolerance. Related features include amenorrhea, disturbed sleep patterns, increased thirst and urination, increased appetite with weight gain, impaired visual acuity, headache, and personality changes, such as bursts of rage or laughter. Common causes of hypothalamic disease are pituitary adenoma and hypothalamic and pineal tumors.
Thyrotoxicosis
A classic symptom of thyrotoxicosis, heat intolerance may be accompanied by an enlarged thyroid gland, nervousness, weight loss despite increased appetite, diaphoresis, diarrhea, tremor, and palpitations. Although exophthalmos is characteristic, many patients don’t display this sign. Associated findings may affect virtually every body system. Some common findings include irritability, difficulty concentrating, mood swings, insomnia, muscle weakness, fatigue, lid lag, tachycardia, full and bounding pulse, widened pulse pressure, dyspnea, amenorrhea, and gynecomastia. Typically, the patient’s skin is warm and flushed; premature graying and alopecia occur in both sexes.
Other causes
Drugs
Amphetamines, amphetamine-like appetite suppressants, and excessive doses of thyroid hormone may cause heat intolerance. Anticholinergics may interfere with sweating, resulting in heat intolerance.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Stroke Syndromes:
Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)
TIA/Stroke
❑ Middle cerebral artery stroke
❑ Anterior cerebral artery stroke
❑ Posterior cerebral artery stroke
❑ Watershed stroke
❑ Thalamic lacune
❑ Vertebrobasilar ischemia
❑ Pontine lacune
❑ Pontine stroke
❑ Midbrain stroke
❑ Pure motor hemiplegia
❑ Ataxic hemiparesis
❑ Lateral medullary stroke
❑ Temporal lobe stroke
Hemorrhage
❑ Subarachnoid hemorrhage
❑ Cerebellar hemorrhage
❑ Thalamic hemorrhage
❑ Pontine hemorrhage
❑ Putaminal hemorrhage
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007
Heat syndrome:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Normally, humans adjust to excessive temperatures by complex cardiovascular and neurologic changes that are coordinated by the hypothalamus. Heat loss offsets heat production to regulate the body temperature. This is done by evaporation (sweating) or vasodilation, which cools the body’s surface by radiation, conduction, and convection.
Heat production increases with exercise, infection, and use of drugs such as amphetamines.
Heat loss decreases with high temperatures or humidity, lack of acclimatization, excess clothing, obesity, dehydration, cardiovascular disease, sweat gland dysfunction, and use of drugs, such as phenothiazines and anticholinergics.
When heat loss mechanisms fail to offset heat production, the body retains heat and heat syndrome may develop.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Stroke:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Factors that increase the risk of stroke include history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), atherosclerosis, hypertension, electrocardiogram changes, arrhythmias, rheumatic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, gout, postural hypotension, cardiac or myocardial enlargement, high serum triglyceride levels, lack of exercise, use of hormonal contraceptives, cigarette smoking, and family history of stroke.
The major causes of stroke are thrombosis, embolism, and hemorrhage.
Thrombosis
In middle-aged and elderly people — among whom there’s a higher incidence of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension — thrombosis is the most common cause of stroke. Obstruction of a blood vessel causes the stroke. Typically, the main site of the obstruction is the extracerebral vessels, but sometimes it’s the intracerebral vessels.
Thrombosis causes ischemia in brain tissue supplied by the affected vessel as well as congestion and edema. The latter may produce more symptoms than the thrombosis itself, but these subside with the edema.
Thrombosis may develop while the patient sleeps or shortly after he awakens; it can also occur during surgery or after a myocardial infarction. The risk increases with obesity, smoking, or the use of hormonal contraceptives. Cocaine-induced ischemic stroke is now seen in younger patients.
Embolism
The second most common cause of stroke, embolism is an occlusion of a blood vessel caused by a fragmented clot, a tumor, fat, bacteria, or air. It can occur at any age, especially among patients with a history of rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, posttraumatic valvular disease, or myocardial fibrillation and other cardiac arrhythmias or after open-heart surgery or placement of a mechanical heart valve.
The embolus usually develops rapidly — in 10 to 20 seconds — and without warning. When it reaches the cerebral vasculature, it cuts off circulation by lodging in a narrow portion of an artery, most commonly the middle cerebral artery, causing necrosis and edema.
If the embolus is septic and infection extends beyond the vessel wall, an abscess or encephalitis may develop. If the infection is within the vessel wall, an aneurysm may form, which could lead to cerebral hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage
The third most common cause of stroke is hemorrhage. Like an embolism, it may occur suddenly, at any age. Such hemorrhage results from chronic hypertension or aneurysms, which cause sudden rupture of a cerebral artery. The rupture diminishes blood supply to the area served by this artery. In addition, blood accumulates deep within the brain, further compressing neural tissue and causing even greater damage.
Stroke classification
Strokes are classified according to their course of progression. The least severe is the TIA, or little stroke, which results from a temporary interruption of blood flow, usually in the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries. A progressive stroke, or stroke-in-evolution (thrombus-in-evolution), begins with slight neurologic deficit and worsens in a day or two. In a completed stroke, neurologic deficits are maximal at onset and don’t progress.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Heat intolerance:
Medical causes
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
Hypothalamic disease.With hypothalamic disease, body temperature fluctuates dramatically, causing alternating heat and cold intolerance. Related features include amenorrhea, disturbed sleep patterns, increased thirst and urination, increased appetite with weight gain, impaired visual acuity, a headache, and personality changes, such as bursts of rage or laughter. Common causes of hypothalamic disease are pituitary adenoma and hypothalamic and pineal tumors.
Thyrotoxicosis.A classic symptom of thyrotoxicosis, heat intolerance may be accompanied by an enlarged thyroid, nervousness, weight loss despite increased appetite, diaphoresis, diarrhea, tremor, and palpitations. Although exophthalmos is characteristic, many patients don't display this sign. Associated findings may affect virtually every body system. Some common findings include irritability, difficulty concentrating, mood swings, insomnia, muscle weakness, fatigue, lid lag, tachycardia, full and bounding pulse, a widened pulse pressure, dyspnea, amenorrhea, and gynecomastia. Typically, the patient's skin is warm and flushed; premature graying and alopecia occur in both sexes.
Other causes
Drugs.Amphetamines, amphetamine-like appetite suppressants, and excessive doses of thyroid hormone may cause heat intolerance. Anticholinergics may interfere with sweating, resulting in heat intolerance.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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