Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Incidence (annual) of Hepatitis A:
32,000 new cases in the USA 1992 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994) ... see also overview of Hepatitis A.
Incidence Rate:
approx 1 in 8,500 or 0.01% or 32,000 people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "32,000 new cases in the USA 1992 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994)" -- see also general information about data sources]
Incidence extrapolations for USA for Hepatitis A:
32,000 per year,
2,666 per month,
615 per week,
87 per day,
3 per hour,
0 per minute,
0 per second.
[Source statistic for calculation: "32,000 new cases in the USA 1992 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994)" -- see also general information about data sources]
Lifetime risk for Hepatitis A:
32 to 38% of population in the USA have history of the HepA disease 1991 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994)
Prevalance of Hepatitis A:
About 22,700 cases of hepatitis A representing 38% of all hepatitis cases (5-year average from all routes of transmission) are reported annually in the U.S.
(Source: FDA Bad Bug Book)
...
32 to 38 percent of U.S. population that have any
history of disease (1991) (Source: excerpt from Digestive Diseases Statistics: NIDDK)
Prevelance of Hepatitis A discussion:
Estimated 125,00200,000 total infections/yearly in United
States; 84,000134,000 symptomatic infections/yearly; 100
deaths annually; 33% of Americans have evidence of past infection
(immunity)
(Source: excerpt from Facts About Hepatitis A and C: CDC-OC)
Incidence of Hepatitis A:
32,000 new cases (1992) (Source: excerpt from Digestive Diseases Statistics: NIDDK)
Outbreaks of Hepatitis A:
Hepatitis A is endemic throughout much of the world. Major national epidemics occurred in 1954, 1961 and 1971. Although no major epidemic occurred in the 1980s, the incidence of hepatitis A in the U.S. increased 58% from 1983 to 1989. Foods have been implicated in over 30 outbreaks since 1983. The most recent ones and the suspected contaminated foods include:
1987 - Louisville, Kentucky. Suspected source: imported lettuce.
1990 - North Georgia. Frozen strawberries. - Montana. Frozen strawberries. - Baltimore. Shellfish./li>
MMWR 42(27):1993: On November 26, 1990, hepatitis A was diagnosed in an employee of a restaurant in Cass County, Missouri. The employee's duties involved washing pots and pans in the restaurant. From December 7, 1990, through January 9, 1991, hepatitis A was diagnosed in 110 persons, including four waitresses, who had eaten at the restaurant; two persons died as a result of fulminant hepatitis.
MMWR 39(14):1990: From 1983 through 1989, the incidence of hepatitis A in the United States increased 58% (from 9.2 to 14.5 cases per 100,000 population). Based on analysis of hepatitis A cases reported to CDC's national Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Program in 1988, 7.3% of hepatitis A cases were associated with foodborne or waterborne outbreaks (1). This report summarizes recent foodborne-related outbreaks of hepatitis A in Alaska, Florida, North Carolina, and Washington.
MMWR 32(50):1983: Two unrelated outbreaks of hepatitis A, involving a total of 326 people, occurred in Oklahoma and Texas during September and October 1983. Both were associated with restaurant food. Hepatitis A was defined as: (1) jaundice or (2) serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase enzyme (SGOT) greater than 100 mIU/ml plus nausea, vomiting, or fever or (3) a positive serum anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunoglobulin (IgM).
MMWR 31(12):1982 An increase in the number of hepatitis cases in Monmouth County, New Jersey, was reported to the New Jersey Department of Health on June 15, 1981. Investigation by state and local area health departments revealed that 56 cases of hepatitis had occurred during the first 3 weeks of June in an area of Monmouth County where the usual average is 3-4 cases/ month. Detailed food histories revealed that, within the appropriate incubation period for hepatitis A, 55 of the 56 patients had eaten at a Mexican style restaurant.
(Source: FDA Bad Bug Book)
Incidence statistics for Hepatitis A:
The following statistics relate to the incidence of Hepatitis A:
- 23,229 cases annually (1998)
- 17,047 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)
- 1.59 per 100,000 in Canada 20001
- 150,000 cases each year in the US (Blood Safety Surveillance and Health Care Acquired Infections Division, Health Canada)
- more statistics...»
More Statistics about Hepatitis A:
Hospitalization statistics
All statistics for Hepatitis A
Prevalence/Incidence of Hepatitis A: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Hepatitis A.
Viral hepatitis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The major forms of viral hepatitis result from infection with the causative viruses: A, B, C, D, E, or G.
Type A hepatitis is highly contagious and is usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route. However, it may also be transmitted parenterally. Hepatitis A usually results from ingestion of contaminated food, milk, or water. Many outbreaks of this type are traced to ingestion of seafood from polluted water. In 2001, there were more than 10,000 acute cases of hepatitis A infection reported in the United States.
Type B hepatitis, once thought to be transmitted only by the direct exchange of contaminated blood, is now known to be transmitted also by contact with human secretions and feces. As a result, nurses, physicians, laboratory technicians, and dentists are frequently exposed to type B hepatitis, in many cases as a result of wearing defective gloves. Transmission also occurs during intimate sexual contact as well as through perinatal transmission. An estimated 200,000 new cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 5,000 deaths from HBV occur annually in the United States.
Although specific type C hepatitis viruses have been isolated, only a small percentage of patients have tested positive for them — perhaps reflecting the test’s poor specificity. Usually, this type of hepatitis is transmitted through transfused blood from asymptomatic donors. Hepatitis C accounts for 30,000 new infections and 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year in the United States. Most exposures (60%) occur through the use of illicit I.V. drugs. However, sexual transmission is responsible for 20% of cases. More than 170 million people have the hepatitis C virus worldwide.
Type D hepatitis is found only in patients with an acute or chronic episode of hepatitis B and requires the presence of HBsAg. The type D virus depends on the double-shelled type B virus to replicate. For this reason, type D infection can’t outlast a type B infection. About 15 million people are infected with hepatitis D worldwide. It’s more common in adults than in children. People with a history of illicit I.V. drug use and people who live in the Mediterranean basin have a higher incidence.
Type E hepatitis is transmitted enterically, much like type A. Because this virus is inconsistently shed in feces, detection is difficult. In the United States, the prevalence of hepatitis E is less than 2%. It’s typically found in developing countries that lie near the equator. Incidence is highest among people ages 15 to 40.
Type G may be transmitted in a manner similar to that of hepatitis C. It may also be transmitted by sexual contact, and its incidence may be higher than previously suspected. It’s associated with acute and chronic liver disease, but studies haven’t clearly implicated the hepatitis G virus as an etiologic agent.
Other proposed causative factors, such as non-ABCDE viral hepatitis and type F, are under investigation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Viral Hepatitis:
Viral Hepatitis - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Viral Hepatitis - incidence
- Hepatitis A: 125,000–200,000 infections per year worldwide. ~30,000 US cases per year. 10% occur in daycare centers that care for children who are not toilet-trained.
- Hepatitis B: 140,000–320,000 infections per year worldwide. ~78,000 US cases per year. Since the 1991 implementation of universal vaccination of infants, the incidence of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases in US children has declined from 3.03 per 100,000 in 1990 to 0.34 in 2002.
- Hepatitis C: 40,000 infections per year in the US
- Hepatitis E: Common in poorly developed countries but rare in the US
Viral Hepatitis - prevalence
- Hepatitis B: US has a low prevalence with <1% of the population infected. Higher rates in certain subgroups such as immigrants from endemic areas, homosexuals, and parenteral drug users
- Hepatitis C: US has prevalence of 1.8%, representing ~3.9 million people (85% chronically infected)
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Hepatitis A usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Hepatitis A at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Hepatitis A refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Hepatitis A diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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