Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatoma

Prevalence/Incidence of Hepatoma: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Hepatoma.

Primary malignant bone tumors: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Causes of primary malignant bone tumors are unknown. Some researchers suggest that primary malignant bone tumors arise in areas of rapid growth because children and young adults with such tumors seem to be much taller than average. Additional theories point to heredity, trauma, and excessive radiotherapy.

For incidence information, see Comparing primary malignant bone tumors.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Hypothyroidism in adults: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone — usually because of dysfunction of the thyroid gland due to surgery (thyroidectomy), irradiation therapy (particularly with ¹³¹I), inflammation, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) or, rarely, conditions such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis. It may also result from pituitary failure to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), hypothalamic failure to produce thyrotropin-releasing hormone, inborn errors of thyroid hormone synthesis, the inability to synthesize thyroid hormone because of iodine deficiency (usually dietary), or the use of antithyroid medications such as propylthiouracil. In patients with hypothyroidism, infection, exposure to cold, and sedatives may precipitate myxedema coma.

Hypothyroidism is more prevalent in females than males, and frequency increases with age; in the United States, incidence is rising significantly in people ages 40 to 50.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Liver cancer: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

The immediate cause of liver cancer is unknown, but it may be a congenital disease in children. Adult liver cancer may result from environmental exposure to carcinogens, such as the chemical compound aflatoxin (a mold that grows on rice and peanuts), thorium dioxide (a contrast medium formerly used in liver radiography), Senecio alkaloids, and possibly androgens and oral estrogens.

Roughly 30% to 70% of patients with hepatomas also have cirrhosis. (Hepatomas are 40 times more likely to develop in a cirrhotic liver than in a normal one.)

Whether cirrhosis is a premalignant state or alcohol and malnutrition predispose the liver to develop hepatomas is still unclear. Other risk factors are exposure to the hepatitis C virus and the hepatitis B virus.

Liver cancer accounts for roughly 1% of all cancers in the United States and for 10% to 50% in Africa and parts of Asia. Liver cancer is most prevalent in men (particularly men older than age 60), and incidence increases with age. It's rapidly fatal, usually within 6 months, from GI hemorrhage, progressive cachexia, hepatic failure, or metastasis.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

About prevalence and incidence statistics:

The term 'prevalence' of Hepatoma usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Hepatoma at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Hepatoma refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Hepatoma diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.

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