Treatments for Hepatoma
Treatments for Hepatoma
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Hepatoma
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
- Surgery
- Medications
- Pain medications
- See treatment of liver cancer
- Surgery, liver transplant, percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, high intensity focused ultrasound, hormonal therapy, cryosurgery, palliative, chemotherapy, radiation
- Surgical resection
- Liver transplantation
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Drugs and Medications used to treat Hepatoma:
Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Hepatoma include:
- Etoposide
- Toposar
- VePesid
- Etopos
- Lastet
- Vp-Tec
Unlabeled Drugs and Medications to treat Hepatoma:
Unlabelled alternative drug treatments for Hepatoma include:
Latest treatments for Hepatoma:
The following are some of the latest treatments for Hepatoma:
- Surgical resection
- Radiography-guided radiofrequency ablation
- Embolization of the tumour supplying artery
- Transplantation
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Hepatoma
Treatments of Hepatoma: Online Medical Books
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Hepatomegaly:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Heart failure: Diuretics, inotropes, and afterload reduction
-
Viral hepatitis: Supportive care and antivirals in some chronic cases
-
Alcoholic liver disease: Abstinence from alcohol, steroids in severe cases, and possible transplant
-
Fatty liver: Treat underlying obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia
-
Sarcoidosis: Steroids
-
Hemochromatosis: Iron removal by weekly phlebotomy for 2–3 years and/or deferoxamine chelation
-
Wilson's disease: Copper chelation with D-penicillamine or trientine; may require liver transplantation
-
Neoplasms: Resection and chemotherapy
-
Abscess or cyst: Antimicrobials, percutaneous drainage, and/or surgical resection
-
Amyloidosis: Prednisone and alkylating agents
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Jaundice:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Discontinue and avoid potentially hepatotoxic medications
-
Supportive care for viral hepatitis
-
Rehydrate/refeed for Gilbert's syndrome
-
Consider steroids in fulminant alcoholic hepatitis
-
Cholecystectomy or ERCP with stone removal for obstructing gallstones
-
Treat underlying causes of hemolysis or other disorders
-
Antibiotics for cholangitis, sepsis
-
Hydroxyurea and folate for sickle cell disease, prevent crises by adequate hydration, vaccinating against diseases, and try to prevent other infections
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Hepatomegaly:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Geared towards specific disease
-
Cholestasis
–Ursodeoxycholic acid
–Supplemental fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
-
Infections
–Consider interferon for hepatitis B
–Consider interferon and ribaviron for hepatitis C
-
Toxins
–Use of NTBC for tyrosinemia
-
Metabolic disease
–Metabolism consultation
–Often requires specific restricted formulas
-
Surgical repair for biliary atresia
–Kasai portoenterostomy has better outcome if done before 60 days of age
-
Mucomyst for acute acetaminophen toxicity
-
Immune suppression for autoimmune hepatitis
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Jaundice in Infants – Direct:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Varies by specific disorder
-
General medication principles of cholestasis include
–Promoting bile flow with ursodeoxycholic acid
–Consider phenobarbital (increases bile excretion)
–Fat-soluble vitamins including K, D, E
–Vitamin A is a relative contraindication given hepatotoxicity at high levels
Consider formula with medium chain triglycerides as fat source (does not require bile acids to be absorbed)
Treat underlying disorder
–Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia
–Surgical repair of choledochal cyst
–Special formulas for tyrosinemia
–Lactose free formula for galactosemia (e.g., soy based)
–Remove toxic exposures
–Treat infections
–Treat hypothyroidism
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Jaundice in Infants – Indirect:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Treatment options vary based on level of bilirubin, age of presentation, and cause
–Goal is prevent levels high enough to cause kernicterus
-
Phototherapy involves the use of photon energy to change the structure of bilirubin and permit excretion without glucuronidation
–Decisions for use are age-based
–Considered when serum level above 14 mg/dL
-
Exchange transfusion should be considered with serum levels above 25 mg/dL
-
IVF or breast-feed more frequently to increase volume
-
-
-
Correct endocrine abnormality
-
Improve perfusion if cardiac problem
-
Correct anatomic abnormality
-
Consider enteral binding agents
–Cholestyramine, charcoal, calcium phosphate
-
Crigler-Najjar: Phenobarbital, may need liver transplantation
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Primary malignant bone tumors:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Excision of the tumor with a 3"(7.6 cm) margin is the treatment of choice. It may be combined with preoperative chemo-therapy.
In some patients, radical surgery (such as hemipelvectomy or amputation) is necessary; however, surgical resection of the tumor (commonly with preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy) has saved limbs from amputation.
Intensive chemotherapy includes administration of doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, dacarbazine, and etoposide in various combinations. Chemotherapy may be infused intra-arterially into the long bones of the legs.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Hypothyroidism in adults:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Therapy for hypothyroidism consists of gradual thyroid replacement with levothyroxine (for low T4 levels) and, occasionally, liothyronine (for inadequate T3 levels).
During myxedema coma, effective treatment supports vital functions while restoring euthyroidism. To support blood pressure and pulse rate, treatment includes I.V. administration of levothyroxine and hydrocortisone to correct possible pituitary or adrenal insufficiency. Hypoventilation requires oxygenation and respiratory support. Other supportive measures include fluid replacement and antibiotics for infection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Liver cancer:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Because liver cancer is commonly in an advanced stage at diagnosis, few hepatic tumors are resectable. A resectable tumor must be a single tumor in one lobe, without cirrhosis, jaundice, or ascites. Resection is done by lobectomy or partial hepatectomy.
Radiation therapy for unresectable tumors is usually palliative. Because of the liver's low tolerance for radiation, external beam radiation hasn't increased survival. However, radiolabeled antibodies have been used to selectively target cancer tissue; when used concurrently with chemotherapy, patients can convert from nonresectable to resectable.
Another method of treatment is chemotherapy with I.V. fluorouracil, mitomycin, or doxorubicin, or with regional infusion of fluorouracil or floxuridine (catheters are placed directly into the hepatic artery or left brachial artery for continuous infusion for 7 to 21 days, or permanent implantable pumps are used on an outpatient basis for long-term infusion).
Appropriate treatment for liver metastasis may include resection by lobectomy or chemotherapy with mitomycin or fludarabine (results similar to those in hepatoma). Liver transplantation is now an alternative for a small subset of patients.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Jaundice [Icterus]:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Encourage the patient with a hepatic disorder to decrease his protein intake sharply and increase his intake of carbohydrates. If he has obstructive jaundice, encourage a nutritious, balanced diet (avoiding high-fat foods) and frequent small meals.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Bone tumors, primary malignant:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
❑ Excision of the tumor along with a 3"(7.6 cm) margin is the treatment of choice. It may be combined with preoperative chemotherapy.
❑ In some patients, radical surgery (such as hemipelvectomy or interscapulothoracic amputation) is necessary. However, surgical resection of the tumor (often with preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy) has saved limbs from amputation.
❑ Intensive chemotherapy includes administration of doxorubicin, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and high doses of methotrexate, alone or in various combinations for osteosarcomas. Additionally, vincristine, etoposide, and dactinomycin may be added if the patient has Ewing’s sarcoma. Chemotherapy may be infused intra-arterially into the long bones of the legs.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Hypothyroidism in adults:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Therapy for hypothyroidism consists of gradual thyroid hormone replacement with levothyroxine and, occasionally, liothyronine.
Clinical tip The TSH level is the most reliable marker to follow in primary hypothyroidism. It should be kept within the normal range.
During myxedema coma, effective treatment supports vital functions while restoring euthyroidism. To support blood pressure and pulse rate, treatment includes I.V. administration of levothyroxine and hydrocortisone to correct possible pituitary or adrenal insufficiency. Hypoventilation requires oxygenation and respiratory support.
Other supportive measures include fluid replacement and antibiotics for infection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Liver cancer:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Because liver cancer is usually in an advanced stage at diagnosis, few hepatic tumors are resectable. A resectable tumor must be a single tumor in one lobe, without cirrhosis, jaundice, or ascites. Resection is done by lobectomy or partial hepatectomy.
Radiation therapy for unresectable tumors is usually palliative. However, because of the liver’s low tolerance for radiation, this therapy hasn’t increased survival.
Another treatment method is chemotherapy either I.V. or with regional infusion of a chemotherapeutic drug. (A catheter is placed directly into the hepatic artery or left brachial artery for continuous infusion for 7 to 21 days, or permanent implantable pumps are used on an outpatient basis for long-term infusion.)
Appropriate treatment for liver metastasis may include resection by lobectomy or chemotherapy. (The results are similar to those in hepatoma.) Liver transplantation is an alternative for some patients.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Hepatomegaly:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Instruct the patient to avoid alcohol. Explain the importance of following the treatment plan to correct or control the underlying disorder as needed. Tell the patient to avoid exposure to people with infections and to maintain good personal hygiene. Explain the importance of pacing activities and having frequent rest periods.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Jaundice:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Encourage the patient with a hepatic disorder to decrease his protein intake sharply and increase his intake of carbohydrates. If he has obstructive jaundice, encourage a nutritious, balanced diet (avoiding high-fat foods) and frequent small meals. Teach the patient ways to reduce pruritus.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Hepatomegaly:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Prepare the patient for liver enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, albumin, and globulin studies to evaluate liver function and for X-rays, a liver scan, celiac arteriography, a computed tomography scan, and ultrasonography to confirm hepatomegaly.
▪ Provide bed rest, relief from stress, and adequate nutrition to help protect liver cells from further damage and to allow the liver to regenerate functioning cells.
▪ Monitor and restrict dietary protein as needed.
▪ Give hepatotoxic drugs or drugs metabolized by the liver in very small doses, if at all.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the underlying disorder and its treatments.
▪ Stress the importance of avoiding alcohol and people with infections.
▪ Discuss the importance of pacing activities and rest periods.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Jaundice [Icterus]:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ To decrease pruritus, frequently bathe the patient; apply an antipruritic lotion, such as calamine; and administer diphenhydramine or hydroxyzine.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests to evaluate biliary and hepatic function, including laboratory studies (such as urine and fecal urobilinogen, serum bilirubin, liver enzyme, and cholesterol levels; prothrombin time; and a complete blood count), computed tomography, ultrasonography, cholangiography, liver biopsy, and exploratory laparotomy.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient appropriate dietary changes.
▪ Discuss ways to reduce pruritis.
▪ Review with the patient prescribed medications and their possible adverse effects.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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