For details see prevalence of types of Hernia analysis; summary of available prevalence data:
For details see incidence of types of Hernia analysis; summary of available incidence by type data:
The following statistics relate to the prevalence of Hernia:
The following statistics relate to the incidence of Hernia:
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Hernia.
Hiatal hernia typically results from muscle weakening that’s common with aging and may be secondary to esophageal carcinoma, kyphoscoliosis, trauma, or certain surgical procedures. It may also result from certain diaphragmatic malformations that may cause congenital weakness. Obesity and smoking are common risk factors.
In hiatal hernia, the muscular collar around the esophageal and diaphragmatic junction loosens, permitting the lower portion of the esophagus and the stomach to rise into the chest when intra-abdominal pressure increases (possibly causing gastroesophageal reflux). Such increased intra-abdominal pressure may result from ascites, pregnancy, obesity, constrictive clothing, bending, straining, coughing, Valsalva’s maneuver, or extreme physical exertion.
Sliding hernias are more common than paraesophageal hernias. The incidence of hiatal hernia increases with age (most occur in people older than age 40), and prevalence is higher in women than in men (especially the paraesophageal type). Contributing factors include obesity and trauma. No racial predilection exists.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
An inguinal hernia may be indirect or direct. An indirect inguinal hernia, the more common form, results from weakness in the fascial margin of the internal inguinal ring. In an indirect hernia, abdominal viscera leave the abdomen through the inguinal ring and follow the spermatic cord (in males) or round ligament (in females); they emerge at the external ring and extend down the inguinal canal, commonly into the scrotum or labia. An indirect inguinal hernia may develop at any age, is more common in males, and is especially prevalent in infants younger than age 1. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, about 5 out of 100 children have inguinal hernias.
A direct inguinal hernia results from a weakness in the fascial floor of the inguinal canal. Instead of entering the canal through the internal ring, the hernia passes through the posterior inguinal wall, protrudes directly through the transverse fascia of the canal (in an area known as Hesselbach’s triangle), and comes out at the external ring.
In males, during the seventh month of gestation, the testicle normally descends into the scrotum, preceded by the peritoneal sac. If the sac closes improperly, it leaves an opening through which the intestine can slip. In either sex, a hernia can result from weak abdominal muscles (caused by congenital malformation, trauma, or aging) or increased intra-abdominal pressure (due to heavy lifting, pregnancy, obesity, or straining).
About 10% of people develop some type of hernia during their lifetime, and more than 500,000 hernia operations are performed in the United States each year. Hernias are seven times more common in males than in females.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
The term 'prevalence' of Hernia usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Hernia at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Hernia refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Hernia diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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