Diagnostic Tests for Heroin dependence
Heroin dependence Tests: Book Excerpts
Home Diagnostic Testing
These home medical tests may be relevant to Heroin dependence:
Heroin dependence Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Diagnostic Tests for Heroin dependence: Online Medical Books
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HALLUCINATIONS:
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
A blood alcohol level and urine drug screen are essential at the outset. Most physicians will want to refer the patient to a psychiatrist if these studies are negative. However, the interested physician may proceed further with a wake-and-sleep EEG to identify psychomotor epilepsy, or a CT scan and MRI to identify brain tumors and other causes of organic brain syndrome. Remember, the MRI costs twice as much as a CT scan. A spinal tap will be helpful in diagnosing central nervous system lues. A sleep study will help diagnose narcolepsy. Psychometric testing will help identify schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Source: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, 2003
Delirium/Hallucinations:
Diagnostic Approach
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)
Delirium is characterized by gross disorientation in the presence of alertness and vigilance, disorders of perception with vivid illusions, and psychomotor and autonomic hyperactivity. It usually develops over a short time and is associated
with fluctuating mental status, decreased attention, disorganized thinking as indicated by rambling, irrelevant, or incoherent speech, and a decreased level of consciousness. The most sensitive findings are variability in level of arousal, impaired short-term memory (e.g., digit span), and disorientation to time. Relatives or friends are helpful sources of information about the tempo and degree of impairment.
Fever, tachycardia, or hypertension should prompt a careful evaluation for a medical cause. Infection is a common cause in the elderly, especially pneumonia or urinary tract infection. Visual hallucinations are organic in origin, due to factors such as drugs, rather than due to schizophrenia.
Confusion Assessment1) Change in mental state (from baseline) that is acute and fluctuates. 2) Difficulty focusing attention or trouble keeping track of what is said. 3) Disorganized thinking (rambling or irrelevant conversation, unpredictable switching between subjects, illogical flow of ideas). 4) Altered level of consciousness (lethargy, stupor, or hyperalert). A positive test requires 1 and 2 positive, and either 3 or 4.
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Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007
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