Treatments for Heroin dependence
Treatments for Heroin dependence
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Heroin dependence
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
- Brief dynamic therapy, Cognitive behavioural therapy, Motivational therapy, Addiction treatment programs, Counselling, Methadone - relieves withdrawal symptoms
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Hallucinations:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Treat hallucinations symptomatically with antipsychotic drugs (e.g., haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine)
-
Delirium: Treat underlying cause (e.g., hydration, proper nutrition, oxygen, thiamine, and glucose)
-
Alcohol/sedative withdrawal: Monitor and treat for seizures with benzodiazepines
- Schizophrenia: Traditional antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, chlorpromazine)
–Extrapyramidal side effects (parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia) are common
–Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (hyperthermia, rigidity, hypertension, tachycardia) may rarely occur in first week of treatment and can be fatal
–Clozapine carries a 1% risk of fatal agranulocytosis
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Hallucinations:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Hallucinogens and other drugs of abuse
–May require intensive outpatient or inpatient management for successful cessation
–Cessation of the drug usually results in cessation of hallucination; however, for some hallucinogens such as LSD, flashbacks may occur for years
-
CNS insults generally require neurologic and multisystem intensive care
-
Schizophrenia is generally treated with antipsychotics; compliance is frequently problematic
-
Narcolepsy is treated with daytime stimulants and nighttime sleep aids or tricyclic antidepressants
-
Medications: Discontinue the causative drug
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Substance abuse and induced disorders:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The patient with acute drug intoxication should receive symptomatic treatment based on the drug ingested. Measures include fluid replacement therapy and nutritional and vitamin supplements, if indicated; detoxification with the same drug or a pharmacologically similar drug (exceptions include cocaine, hallucinogens, and marijuana, which aren’t used for detoxification); sedatives to induce sleep; anticholinergics and antidiarrheal agents to relieve GI distress; antianxiety drugs for severe agitation, especially in cocaine abusers; and symptomatic treatment of complications. Depending on the dosage and time elapsed before admission, additional treatment may include gastric lavage, induced emesis, activated charcoal, forced diuresis and, possibly, hemoperfusion or hemodialysis.
Treatment of drug dependence commonly involves a triad of care: detoxification, short- and long-term rehabilitation, and aftercare; the latter means a lifetime of abstinence, usually aided by participation in Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or a similar self-help group.
Detoxification, the controlled and gradual withdrawal of an abused drug, is achieved through substituting a drug with a similar action. Such gradual replacement of the abused drug controls the effects of withdrawal, thereby reducing the patient’s discomfort and associated risks.
Depending on which drug the patient has abused, detoxification may be managed on an inpatient or outpatient basis. For example, withdrawal from depressants can produce hazardous adverse reactions, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, and hypotension. The severity of these reactions determines whether the patient can be safely treated as an outpatient or if he requires hospitalization. Withdrawal from depressants usually requires detoxification because abrupt or poorly managed withdrawal from barbiturates can cause death.
Opioid withdrawal causes severe physical discomfort and can be life threatening. To minimize these effects, chronic opioid abusers commonly are detoxified with methadone.
To ease withdrawal from opioids, depressants, and other drugs, useful nonchemical measures may include psychotherapy, exercise, relaxation techniques, and nutritional support. Sedatives and tranquilizers may be administered temporarily to help the patient cope with insomnia, anxiety, and depression.
After withdrawal, the patient needs to participate in a rehabilitation program to prevent a recurrence. Rehabilitation programs are available for inpatients and outpatients; they usually last a month or longer and may include individual, group, and family psychotherapy. During and after rehabilitation, participation in a drug-oriented self-help group may be helpful. The largest such group is NA.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Drug abuse and dependence:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
The patient may first need treatment for drug intoxication, followed by long-term therapy to combat drug dependence.
Drug intoxication
The patient with acute drug intoxication should receive symptomatic treatment based on the drug ingested. Measures include fluid replacement therapy and nutritional and vitamin supplements, if indicated, and detoxification with the same drug or a pharmacologically similar drug. (Exceptions include cocaine, hallucinogens, and marijuana, which aren’t used for detoxification.)
Medications include sedatives to induce sleep; anticholinergics and anti-diarrheals to relieve GI distress; anti-anxiety drugs for severe agitation, especially in cocaine abusers; and symptomatic treatment of complications.
Depending on the dosage and time elapsed before admission, additional treatments may include gastric lavage, induced vomiting, activated charcoal, forced diuresis and, possibly, hemoperfusion or hemodialysis.
Drug dependence
Treatment of drug dependence commonly involves a triad of care: detoxification, short- and long-term rehabilitation, and aftercare. The latter means a lifetime of abstinence, usually aided by participation in Narcotics Anonymous or a similar self-help group.
Detoxification, the controlled and gradual withdrawal of an abused drug, is achieved through substitution of a drug with similar action, which is then gradually decreased. Such gradual replacement of the abused drug controls the effects of withdrawal, thereby reducing the patient’s discomfort and associated risks.
Depending on which drug the patient has abused, detoxification may be managed on an inpatient or outpatient basis. For example, withdrawal from CNS depressants can produce hazardous adverse reactions, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, and hypotension.
The severity of these reactions determines whether the patient can be safely treated as an outpatient or requires hospitalization. Withdrawal from CNS depressants usually doesn’t require detoxification.
Opioid withdrawal causes severe physical discomfort and can even be life-threatening. To minimize these effects, chronic opioid abusers commonly are detoxified with methadone.
To ease withdrawal from opioids, depressants, and other drugs, useful nonchemical measures may include psychotherapy, exercise, relaxation techniques, and nutritional support. Sedatives and tranquilizers may be administered temporarily to help the patient cope with insomnia, anxiety, and depression.
After withdrawal, the patient needs to participate in a rehabilitation program to prevent a recurrence of drug abuse. Rehabilitation programs are available for both inpatients and outpatients; they usually last a month or longer and may include individual, group, and family psychotherapy. During and after rehabilitation, participation in a drug-oriented self-help group may be beneficial. The largest such group is Narcotics Anonymous.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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