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Does the edema pit on pressure? Edema that pits on pressure is more likely to be due to heart, liver, or kidney disease. Edema that does not pit on pressure is more likely due to myxedema or lymphedema.
Is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a periorbital or facial rash? The presence of a periorbital or facial rash should suggest contact dermatitis, angioneurotic edema, trichinosis, and herpes zoster. Remember, herpes zoster is usually ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is the edema acute or chronic? Acute edema, if it is localized, should always bring to mind a deep vein thrombophlebitis. It also should bring to mind acute lymphangitis, particularly if there is erythema in the area. Finally, it ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Urticaria, also known as hives, is a very common clinical presentation characterized by transient (<12 hours), itchy dermal wheals. Angioedema is defined as subcutaneous or mucosal (often of the lips) swelling that is episodic and recurrent; it>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Periorbital or eyelid edema has many possible etiologies, including mechanical, hemodynamic, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic causes. A careful history and physical examination are necessary to determine whether the problem is localized or generalized, and treatment should be... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic venous insufficiency affects up to 25% of the general population and is the most common cause of edema or swelling of the lower extremities. Normal venous blood return to the heart requires competent venous valves, intermittent muscle contraction of the legs, and the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Drug-induced urticaria is the most common form of urticaria in children; anaphylaxis and hereditary angioedema are life-threatening conditions; remember ABCs of resuscitation (airway, breathing, circulation); best treatment is prevention; that is, avoidance of causative agents... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Periorbital edema is frequently reported by parents via telephone. Unless the cause is obvious and benign, an immediate evaluation is warranted.
Differential Diagnosis
Periorbital cellulitis
–Also described as preseptal ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Edema is defined as the accumulation of excessive amounts of fluid in the cells and tissues of the body and is relatively rare in children. It is usually generalized and dependent (i.e., fluid tends to accumulate in the most dependent areas, such as the lower extremities).
... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The mechanism for periorbital and facial edema is similar to that for edema of the extremities. Thus, increased backpressure of the veins will cause periorbital edema in right heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, advanced pulmonary emphysema, and thrombosis or
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... Edema of the extremities is a common symptom. Most physicians, therefore, have an immediate working diagnosis when the patient walks into the office: congestive heart failure if the edema is bilateral and deep vein phlebitis if it is unilateral. Many times this is right. However,
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... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules — a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the hair follicles or sweat glands. (See ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Urticaria is a vascular skin reaction characterized by the eruption of transient pruritic wheals — smooth, slightly elevated patches with well-defined erythematous margins and pale centers of various shapes and sizes. It’s produced by the local... Emergency interventions ... History ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh, and may be slight or dramatic, pitting or nonpitting.
Leg edema may result from venous disorders, trauma,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, arm edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a localized fluid imbalance between the... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Specific antigen sensitivity (e.g., foods, food additives, Hymenoptera venom)
Physical agents
Pressure, mechanical irritation, vibratory, water (aquagenic)
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... Elevated Microvascular Pressure
Cardiogenic
Volume overload (especially when associated with low plasma oncotic pressure)
Neurogenic
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... Localized
Venous or lymphatic obstruction and/or insufficiency
Venous thrombosis
Baker's cyst
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... Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is an episodic, usually self-limited skin reaction characterized by local dermal wheals surrounded by an erythematous flare. Angioedema is a subcutaneous and dermal eruption that produces deeper, larger wheals (usually on the hands... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Signs and Symptoms Dyspnea; orthopnea; coughing; tachycardia; tachypnea; crackles; jugular vein distention; diastolic gallop; cyanosis; confusion; frothy, bloody sputum; cold, clammy skin
Treatment (Tx) Oxygen
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... Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the extravascular spaces of the lung. In cardiogenic pulmonary edema, fluid accumulation results from elevations in pulmonary venous and capillary hydrostatic pressures. A common complication of... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules—a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the hair follicles or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Urticaria is a vascular skin reaction characterized by the eruption of transient pruritic wheals—smooth, slightly elevated patches with well-defined erythematous margins and pale centers of various shapes and sizes. This reaction is caused... Emergency Interventions ... History ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh, and may be slight or dramatic and pitting or nonpitting.
Leg edema may result from venous... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema is immediately apparent. ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, this type of edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling—around the eyes, for example—or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or abruptly. Sometimes it precedes onset of... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Rachelle L. Cassity
Urticaria (hives) is a common condition. The lesions appear well circumscribed. Typically, they are first erythematous and subsequently develop a central wheal. They usually clear within 3 to 4 hours, and... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Paul Evans and Michael P. Rowane
Edema is defined as a clinically apparent increase in interstitial fluid volume (1–3). A number of possible factors cause edema.
Approach The diagnostic process begins by... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Ingestants
❑ Drugs
❑ Inhalants
❑ Hymenoptera venom
❑ Latex sensitivity ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Congestive heart failure
❑ Venous insufficiency
❑ Hypoalbuminemia
❑ Drugs
❑ Cirrhosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is an episodic, usually self-limited skin reaction characterized by local dermal wheals surrounded by an erythematous flare. Angioedema, which can present either subcutaneously or dermally, produces deeper, larger wheals ... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... With pulmonary edema, fluid accumulates in the extravascular spaces of the lung. With cardiogenic pulmonary edema, fluid accumulation results from elevations in pulmonary venous and capillary hydrostatic pressures. A common complication of cardiac disorders, pulmonary edema can... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Urticaria is a vascular skin reaction characterized by the eruption of transient pruritic wheals — smooth, slightly elevated patches with well-defined erythematous margins and pale centers of various shapes and sizes (hives). It’s produced by the local... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling — around the eyes, for example — or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or abruptly. Sometimes it precedes onset of... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema is... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules — visible collections of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the hair follicles or sweat glands.... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Urticaria, also known as hives, is a vascular skin reaction characterized by the eruption of transient pruritic wheals — smooth, slightly elevated patches with well-defined erythematous margins and pale centers of various shapes and sizes. It’s produced by... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh and may be slight or dramatic, pitting or nonpitting. ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema is immediately... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, arm edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a localized fluid imbalance... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling — around the eyes, for example — or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or abruptly.... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Generalized edema—excessive accumulationof fluid in interstitial space—is usually obvious first inankles, lower legs, and eyelids. Principal Causes of Edema Disorderswith normal serum albumin Increased capillary permeability Skin disorders ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Table 17.1. Principal Causes of Hydrops Fetalis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules—a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Urticaria is a vascular skin reaction characterized by the eruption of transient pruritic wheals—smooth, slightly elevated patches with well-defined erythematous margins and pale centers of various shapes and sizes. It's produced by the local release of histamine or other vasoactive... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh, and may be slight or dramatic, pitting or nonpitting.
Leg edema may... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema is immediately apparent.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, arm edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling—around the eyes, for example—or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or abruptly. Sometimes it... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
The mechanism for periorbital and facial edema is similar to that for
edema of the extremities. Thus, increased backpressure of the veins will
cause periorbital edema in right heart failure, constrictive pericarditis,
advanced... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Edema of the extremities is a common symptom. Most physicians,
therefore, have an immediate working diagnosis when the patient walks into
the office: Congestive heart failure (CHF) if the edema is bilateral and
deep vein phlebitis if... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Lawrence Copelovitch, MDMitchell Schwartz, MD (4th edition) Edema - BASICS Edema - description Presence of abnormal amount of fluid in the extracellular spaces of the body; usually secondary to low albumin, obstruction of... Edema - DIAGNOSIS ... Edema - TREATMENT ... Edema - FOLLOW UP ... Edema - bibliography ... Edema - CODES ... Edema - FAQ
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... Christopher P. Raab, MD Urticaria - BASICS Urticaria - description Urticaria is best described as raised, pruritic circumscribed erythematous papules. Single lesions may coalesce as they ... Urticaria - DIAGNOSIS ... Urticaria - TREATMENT ... Urticaria - FOLLOW UP ... Urticaria - bibliography ... Urticaria - CODES ... Urticaria - FAQ
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