Causes of Hydronephrosis

List of causes of Hydronephrosis

Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Hydronephrosis) that could possibly cause Hydronephrosis includes:

• Congenital defect of the urinary tract
• Urinary stones
• Kidney tumor
• Urinary tumor
• Urinary scarring

Causes of Hydronephrosis (Diseases Database):

The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Hydronephrosis that are listed by the Diseases Database:

• Prune belly syndrome
• Schistosoma haematobium
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
• Ochoa syndrome
• Schinzel-Giedion midface-retraction syndrome
• Familial visceral myopathy
• Megacystis, microcolon, hypoperistalsis syndrome

Causes of Hydronephrosis: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Hydronephrosis.

Nephrotic syndrome: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

About 75% of nephrotic syndrome cases result from primary (idiopathic) glomerulonephritis. Classifications include:

❑ In lipid nephrosis (nil lesions), the main cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, the glomerulus looks normal by light microscopy. Some tubules may contain increased lipid deposits.

❑ Membranous glomerulonephritis, the most common lesion in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, is characterized by uniform thickening of the glomerular basement membrane containing dense deposits and eventually progresses to renal failure.

❑ Focal glomerulosclerosis can develop spontaneously at any age, follow renal transplantation, or result from heroin abuse. Reported incidence of this condition is 10% in children with nephrotic syndrome  and up to 20% in adults. Lesions initially affect the deeper glomeruli, causing hyaline sclerosis, with later involvement of the superficial glomeruli. These lesions generally cause slowly progressive deterioration in renal function. Remissions occur occasionally.

❑ In membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, slowly progressive lesions develop in the subendothelial region of the basement membrane. Lesions may follow infection, particularly streptococcal infection. This disease occurs primarily in children and young adults.

Other causes of nephrotic syndrome include metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus; collagen-vascular disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and periarteritis nodosa; circulatory diseases, such as heart failure, sickle cell anemia, and renal vein thrombosis; nephrotoxins, such as mercury, gold, and bismuth; allergic reactions; and infections, such as tuberculosis or enteritis. Other possible causes are pregnancy, hereditary nephritis, multiple myeloma, and other neoplastic diseases. These diseases increase glomerular protein permeability, leading to increased urinary excretion of protein, especially albumin, and subsequent hypoalbuminemia.

Nephrotic patients have an increased risk of infection, particularly of peritonitis.

PEDIATRIC TIP Black children appear to be at greater risk for peritonitis.

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Hydronephrosis: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Almost any type of obstructive uropathy can result in hydronephrosis. The most common causes are benign prostatic hyperplasia, urethral strictures, and calculi; less common causes include strictures or stenosis of the ureter or bladder outlet, congenital abnormalities, abdominal tumors, blood clots, and neurogenic bladder. If obstruction is in the urethra or bladder, hydronephrosis is usually bilateral; if obstruction is in a ureter, it’s usually unilateral. Obstructions distal to the bladder cause the bladder to dilate and act as a buffer zone, delaying hydronephrosis. Total obstruction of urine flow with dilation of the collecting system ultimately causes complete cortical atrophy and cessation of glomerular filtration.

Hydronephrosis occurs in 1 out of every 100 people.

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Nephrotic syndrome: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

About 75% of nephrotic syndrome cases result from primary (idiopathic) glomerulonephritis. Classifications include the following:

❑ With minimal change disease (lipid nephrosis or nil disease) — the main cause of nephrotic syndrome in children — the glomeruli appear normal by light microscopy. Some tubules may contain increased lipid deposits.

❑ Membraneous glomerulonephritis — the most common lesion in patients with adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome — is characterized by uniform thickening of the glomerular basement membrane containing dense deposits. It can eventually progress to renal failure.

❑ Focal glomerulosclerosis can develop spontaneously at any age, follow kidney transplantation, or result from heroin abuse. Lesions initially affect the deeper glomeruli, causing hyaline sclerosis, with later involvement of the superficial glomeruli. These lesions generally cause slowly progressive deterioration in renal function. Remissions occur occasionally.

❑ With membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, slowly progressive lesions develop in the subendothelial region of the basement membrane. These lesions may follow infection, particularly streptococcal infection. This disease occurs primarily in children and young adults.

Other causes of nephrotic syndrome include metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus; collagen-vascular disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and polyarteritis nodosa; circulatory diseases, such as heart failure and sickle cell anemia; nephrotoxins, such as mercury, gold, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories; allergic reactions; infections, such as tuberculosis or hepatitis B; preeclampsia toxemia; hereditary nephritis; multiple myeloma; and other neoplastic diseases. These diseases increase glomerular protein permeability, leading to the increased urinary excretion of protein, especially albumin, and subsequent hypoalbuminemia.

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Hydronephrosis: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Almost any type of obstructive uropathy can result in hydronephrosis. The most common causes are benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral strictures, and calculi; less common causes include strictures or stenosis of the ureter or bladder outlet, congenital abnormalities, abdominal tumors, blood clots, neurogenic bladder, and tumors of the ureter and bladder.

Sites of obstruction

If obstruction is in the urethra or bladder, hydronephrosis is usually bilateral; if obstruction is in a ureter, it’s usually unilateral. Obstructions distal to the bladder cause the bladder to dilate and act as a buffer zone, delaying hydronephrosis. Total obstruction of urine flow with dilation of the collecting system ultimately causes complete cortical atrophy and cessation of glomerular filtration.

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Hydronephrosis as a complication of other conditions:

Other conditions that might have Hydronephrosis as a complication may, potentially, be an underlying cause of Hydronephrosis. Our database lists the following as having Hydronephrosis as a complication of that condition:

• Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
• Renal colic
• Self-induced water intoxication and schizophrenic disorders syndrome
• Urethral stricture
• Urinary stones
• Urine retention

Hydronephrosis as a symptom:

Conditions listing Hydronephrosis as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Hydronephrosis. Our database lists the following as having Hydronephrosis as a symptom of that condition:

• 46,XX chromosome 7 deletion p13
• Absent patellae - scrotal hypoplasia - renal anomalies - facial dysmorphism - mental retardation
• Acrofacial dysostosis - ambiguous genitalia
• Amastia, bilateral, with ureteral triplication and dysmorphism
• Cholestasis - pigmentary retinopathy - cleft palate
• Chromosome 12p duplication syndrome
• Chromosome 13 ring syndrome
• Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome
• Chromosome 17q, partial duplication
• Chromosome 19p duplication syndrome
• Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2pter p24
• Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome
• Chromosome 7p deletion syndrome
• Chromosome 8 recombinant syndrome
• Chromosome 8 ring
• Chromosome 8 trisomy syndrome
• Chromosome 8q duplication syndrome
• Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome
• Coloboma porencephaly hydronephrosis
• Congenital megalo-ureter
• Craniomicromelic syndrome
• Craniostenosis with congenital heart disease mental retardation
• Czeizel-Losonci syndrome
• EEC syndrome
• Female pseudohermaphrodism - anorectal anomalies
• Hardikar syndrome
• Hypopituitarism - micropenis - cleft lip palate
• Kidney Cancer
• Krause-Kivlin syndrome
• MacDermot-Winter syndrome
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Wittwer type
• Pfeiffer-Hirschfelder-Rott syndrome
• Rüdiger syndrome 2
• Renoanogenital syndrome
• Schinzel Giedion Syndrome
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
• Triploid syndrome
• Trisomy 8 mosaicism
• Urinary stones
• Urofacial syndrome
• Urophathy distal obstructive polydactyly
• Vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus
• Verloes-David Syndrome
• Walker-Warburg Syndrome
• Water Intoxication
• Whelan syndrome

Related information on causes of Hydronephrosis:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Hydronephrosis may be found in:

• Hidden causes of Hydronephrosis