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What is the bicarbonate level? If this is elevated, the patient has a metabolic alkalosis. If this is decreased, the patient has a respiratory alkalosis associated with salicylate intoxication or hyperventilation syndrome.
Has the patient been ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... The differential diagnosis of alkalosis, like acidosis, begins with using the physiologic model of production, excretion, or degradation.
ALKALOSIS (INCREASED PH)
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... Candidiasis, esophageal, bronchial, tracheal, pulmonary
Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis
Extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis
Extrapulmonary or disseminated histoplasmosis
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... 1. Hoeprich PD, Jordan CM, Ronald AR: Infectious Diseases: A Treatise of Infectious Processes, 5/e. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co, 1994.
2. Kelley WN. Textbook of Internal Medicine, 3/e. Philadelphia: Lippincott
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... Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious secondary immunodeficiency disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both diseases are characterized by the progressive destruction of cell-mediated (T-cell) immunity with subsequent effects on humoral (B-cell) immunity... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by progressive deterioration of B-cell (humoral) immunity, resulting in increased susceptibility to infection. Unlike X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, this disorder (also known as acquired hypogammaglobulinemia or... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... In severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), both cell-mediated (T-cell) and humoral (B-cell) immunity are deficient or absent, resulting in susceptibility to infection from all classes of microorganisms during infancy. It’s the most severe form of T-cell and B-cell... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Increased salivation is an uncommon symptom that can result from a GI disorder, especially of the mouth. It also accompanies certain systemic disorders and may result from the use of certain drugs or from exposure to toxins. Saliva may also accumulate... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Tears normally bathe the eyes, keeping the epithelium moist and flushing away foreign bodies. Excessive lacrimation (tear production) usually results from inadequate tear drainage due to obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system or malposition of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Also called acquired hypogammaglobulinemia and agammaglobulinemia with immunoglobulin-bearing B cells, common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by progressive deterioration of B-cell (humoral) immunity. This results in... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... One of the most widely publicized diseases, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the marked progressive failure of the immune system. Although it’s characterized by gradual destruction of cell... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Both cell-mediated (T-cell) and humoral (B-cell) immunity are deficient or absent in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). This results in susceptibility to infection from all classes of microorganisms during infancy.
At least... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... In hyperaldosteronism (also called aldosteronism), hypersecretion of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone by the adrenal cortex causes excessive reabsorption of sodium and water and excessive renal excretion of potassium.
Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Characterized by overactivity of one or more of the four parathyroid glands, hyperparathyroidism results from excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Such hypersecretion of PTH promotes bone resorption and leads to hypercalcemia and... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... About one in five persons with elevated plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels has hyperlipoproteinemia, an inherited disorder marked by increased plasma concentrations of one or more lipoproteins. Hyperlipoproteinemia may also occur secondary to other... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Increased salivation (also known as polysialia or ptyalism) is an uncommon symptom that can result from a GI disorder, especially of the mouth. It also accompanies certain systemic disorders and may result from the use of certain drugs or from... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Tears normally bathe the eyes, keeping the epithelium moist and flushing away foreign bodies. Excessive lacrimation (tear production), also known as epiphora, usually results from inadequate tear drainage due to obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system or... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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The differential diagnosis of alkalosis, like acidosis, begins with
using the physiologic model of production, excretion, or
degradation.
... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
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