Diagnostic Tests for Hyper-IgM Syndrome
Hyper-IgM Syndrome: Diagnostic Tests
The list of diagnostic tests
mentioned in various sources as
used in the diagnosis of Hyper-IgM Syndrome
includes:
Hyper-IgM Syndrome Tests: Book Excerpts
Hyper-IgM Syndrome Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Tests and diagnosis discussion for Hyper-IgM Syndrome:
The doctor will order laboratory
tests that show normal numbers of T and B cells, but high levels of
IgM and very low IgG and IgA. He may question whether the family
recalls other relatives who became sick in infancy. Patients may
also have neutropenia, a low number of white blood
cells. (Source: excerpt from Primary Immune Deficiency, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID)
Diagnostic Tests for Hyper-IgM Syndrome: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the diagnostic tests for Hyper-IgM Syndrome.
ALKALOSIS (INCREASED PH):
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
The workup of alkalosis should include a CBC, chemistry panel, urinalysis, electrolytes, arterial blood gas analysis, flat plate of the abdomen, chest x-ray, and consultation with an endocrinologist.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, 2003
Salivation, increased [Polysialia, ptyalism]:
History and physical examination
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
A patient who complains of increased salivation may have overproductive salivary glands or difficulty swallowing. To distinguish these, first test for a gag reflex and observe the patient’s ability to swallow and chew. Is he drooling? Is his chewing uncoordinated? An impaired gag reflex, drooling, and chewing incoordination suggest difficulty swallowing. Does he have related signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, fever, headache, or a sore throat? Ask about exposure to industrial toxins, such as mercury. Is the patient taking any medications? Note especially use of iodides, cholinergics, and miotics.
Inspect the mouth and mucous membranes for lesions. If present, are they painful? Put on gloves and palpate the lesions, which may be suppurative or infectious. Describe them in your notes. Next, inspect the uvula, gingivae, and pharynx. Palpate the lymph nodes, and determine if the parotid glands are swollen or sore.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Tearing, increased [Epiphora]:
History and physical examination
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient complains of increased tearing, begin by fully exploring this sign. When did it begin? Is it constant or intermittent? Minimal or extensive? Is increased tearing accompanied by pain, irritation, or any other eye drainage or discharge? Next, ask about recent eye trauma and about ocular and systemic disorders. Then record which drugs the patient is taking. Note his occupation and the nature of his work. For example, does he read extensively, look at a computer screen frequently, or work with small or fine objects? Is he exposed to any chemicals or dust in the workplace?
After taking vital signs, examine both eyes—unless the history suggests a perforating or penetrating injury. Carefully inspect the external structures. Do the eyelashes contain debris? Examine the eyelids for lesions and edema. Ask the patient to look straight ahead at a fixed object while you check for ptosis. Are the lid margins turned inward or outward? Examine the eyeballs. Do they appear sunken or bulging? Examine the conjunctivae for redness and abnormal drainage. Also, note the color of the sclera. Hold a flashlight at the side of each eye and examine the cornea and iris for scars, irregularities, and foreign bodies. Evaluate extraocular muscle function by testing the six cardinal fields of gaze. (See Testing extraocular muscles, page 245.) Finally, test the patient’s visual acuity.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Salivation, increased:
Physical assessment
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
A patient who complains of increased salivation may have overproductive salivary glands or difficulty swallowing. To distinguish these, first test for a gag reflex and observe the patient’s ability to swallow and chew. Is he drooling? Is his chewing uncoordinated? An impaired gag reflex, drooling, and chewing incoordination suggest difficulty swallowing.
Inspect the mouth and mucous membranes for lesions. If present, are they painful? Put on gloves and palpate the lesions, which may be suppurative or infectious. Describe them in your notes. Next, inspect the uvula, gingivae, and pharynx. Palpate the lymph nodes, and determine if the parotid glands are swollen or sore.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Tearing, increased:
Physical assessment
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
After taking vital signs, examine both eyes — unless the history suggests a perforating or penetrating injury. Carefully inspect the external structures. Do the eyelashes contain debris? Examine the eyelids for lesions and edema. Ask the patient to look straight ahead at a fixed object while you check for ptosis. Are the lid margins turned inward or outward? Examine the eyeballs. Do they appear sunken or bulging? Examine the conjunctiva for redness and abnormal drainage. Also, note the color of the sclera. Hold a flashlight at the side of either eye and examine the cornea and iris for scars, irregularities, and foreign bodies. Evaluate extraocular muscle function by testing the six cardinal fields of gaze. Finally, test the patient’s visual acuity.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
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