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Treatments for Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Treatment list for Hyperemesis Gravidarum:
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources for Hyperemesis Gravidarum includes the following list. Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment or change in treatment plans.
- Hospitalization
- Intravenous fluids
- Treatment of blood chemical balance
- Anti-vomiting drugs
- Measures to control nausea or vomiting:
- Small bland meals
- Avoid over-the-counter medications without doctor's advice
- Eating before getting out of bed
- Small frequent meals
- Avoid spicy foods
- Avoid fried foods
- Avoid lying down too soon after eating
- Adequate nutrition
- Intravenous nutrition
- Sedatives
Treatments of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review the full text of medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the treatments of Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
Nausea & Vomiting:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
- Fluid resuscitation is a mainstay of therapy, because vomiting may cause significant dehydration
- Antiemetics (e.g., metoclopramide, ondansetron, prochlorperazine) may be administered to control symptoms
- Treat reversible causes as necessary (e.g., uremia, hypercalcemia, CNS infections, toxic exposures)
- Treatment of underlying etiologies generally eliminates vomiting
- Inner ear causes of vomiting may respond to treatment with anticholinergics (e.g., meclizine)
- Endoscopy/colonoscopy may be used diagnostically and therapeutically in cases of peptic ulcer disease or large bowel obstruction
Vomiting:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Stabilize patient and fluid resuscitation as initial therapy with electrolyte correction
- Surgical consultation if obstruction suspected
- Oral rehydration with small amounts of liquids if tolerated
- If signs of obstruction, nasogastric tube decompression and bowel rest
- Treat infections if indicated
- Remove toxins and allergens
- Surgical interventions for volvulus, Hirschprung, intracranial masses, pyloric stenosis, other anatomic causes
- Correct metabolic derangements
- Lifelong gluten-free diet for celiac disease
- Rare use of antiemetics/promotility agents for chemotherapy, motion sickness, postsurgery, gastroesophageal reflux disease
Vomiting – Projectile:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Maintain fluid balance
- Correct electrolytes
-
Surgical correction
–Pyloroplasty for pyloric stenosis
–Ladd procedure for malrotation - Treat infections
-
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
–May require nasojejunal feeds/TPN - Acid blockers for gastroesophageal reflux
- Amino acid or hydrolysate formula for milk allergy
-
PKU
–Avoid phenylalanine (requires special formula, dietary restrictions until maturation, possibly lifelong)
Hyperemesis gravidarum:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Hyperemesis gravidarum may necessitate hospitalization to correct electrolyte imbalance and prevent starvation. I.V. infusions maintain nutrition until the patient can tolerate oral feedings. She progresses slowly to a clear liquid diet, then a full liquid diet and, finally, small, frequent meals of high-protein solid foods. A midnight snack helps stabilize blood glucose levels; vitamin B supplements help correct vitamin deficiency.
When vomiting stops and electrolyte balance has been restored, the pregnancy usually continues without recurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. Most patients feel better as they begin to regain normal weight, but some continue to vomit throughout the pregnancy, requiring extended treatment. If appropriate, some patients may benefit from consultations with clinical nurse specialists, psychologists, or psychiatrists.
Vomiting:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Advise patients to replace fluid losses to avoid dehydration. If vomiting is persistent, administer an antiemetic; consider hospitalizing the patient for I.V. fluid replacement or parenteral nutrition therapy. Advise patients suffering from migraine headaches that vomiting may be a prodromal symptom and that they should take antimigraine medication.
Vomiting:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Draw blood to determine fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. (Prolonged vomiting can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic alkalosis.) Have the patient breathe deeply to ease his nausea and help prevent further vomiting. Keep his room fresh and clean smelling by removing bedpans and emesis basins promptly after use. Elevate his head or position him on his side to prevent aspiration of vomitus. Continuously monitor his vital signs and intake and output (including vomitus and liquid stools). If necessary, administer I.V. fluids or have the patient sip clear liquids to maintain hydration.
Because pain can precipitate or intensify nausea and vomiting, administer pain medications promptly. If possible, give these by injection or suppository to prevent exacerbating associated nausea. If an opioid is used to treat pain, monitor bowel sounds and flatus and bowel movements carefully because they slow down GI motility and may exacerbate vomiting. If you administer an antiemetic, be alert for abdominal distention and hypoactive bowel sounds, which may indicate gastric retention. If this occurs, insert a nasogastric tube.
Patient teaching
Advise the patient to replace fluid losses to avoid dehydration. Inform the patient suffering from migraine headaches that vomiting may be a prodromal symptom; advise him to take antimigraine medication should vomiting occur.
Nausea:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Advise the patient to avoid reading because eye movement can aggravate nausea. Also instruct him to avoid sudden position changes. Encourage him to practice good oral hygiene to remove unpleasant tastes and to moisten the mucous membranes. Tell the patient to avoid foods that may aggravate feelings of nausea such as spicy foods.
Vomiting:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Have the patient breathe deeply to ease his nausea and help prevent further vomiting. Advise him to replace fluid losses to avoid dehydration. A patient suffering from migraine headaches should be advised that vomiting may be a prodromal symptom and antimigraine medication should be taken.
Nausea:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ If the patient is experiencing severe nausea, prepare him for blood tests to determine fluid and electrolyte status and acid-base balance.
▪ To prevent aspiration, elevate the patient's head or position him on his side.
▪ Because pain can precipitate or intensify nausea, administer pain medications promptly, as needed.
▪ If possible, give medications by injection or suppository to prevent exacerbating nausea.
▪ Be alert for abdominal distention and hypoactive bowel sounds which may indicate gastric retention.
▪ Be prepared to insert a nasogastric tube, as needed.
▪ Prepare the patient for such procedures as a computed tomography scan, an ultrasound scan, endoscopy, and colonoscopy.
▪ Consult the nutritionist to determine the patient's need for parenteral nutrition.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient to breathe deeply to ease his nausea.
▪ Discuss triggers for nausea and how to avoid them.
▪ Teach the patient the importance of aspiration precautions.
Vomiting:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Draw blood to determine fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
▪ Keep the patient's room clean smelling by removing bedpans and emesis basins promptly after use.
▪ Elevate the patient's head or position him on his side to prevent aspiration of vomitus.
▪ Monitor vital signs and intake and output (including vomitus and liquid stools).
▪ If necessary, administer I.V. fluids, or have the patient sip clear liquids to maintain hydration.
▪ Because pain can precipitate or intensify nausea and vomiting, administer pain medications promptly.
▪ Insert a nasogastric tube, as ordered.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient deep-breathing exercises to ease nausea.
▪ Explain the importance of replacing fluid losses.
▪ Teach the patient about dietary restrictions and how to advance the diet.
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