Treatments for Hypoglycemia
Treatments for Hypoglycemia
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Hypoglycemia
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
- Treatments for an acute hypoglycemic episode include:
- Sugars - almost any kind of glucose or other sugar: sweets, non-diet sodas, fruit juice, milk (skim is best), chocolate, candies, etc.
- Glucagon injection
- Emergency treatment
- Treatments for reactive hypoglycemia after meals includes:
Hypoglycemia: Is the Diagnosis Correct?
The first step in getting correct treatment is
to get a correct diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis list for Hypoglycemia may include:
Hidden causes of Hypoglycemia may be incorrectly diagnosed:
Hypoglycemia: Marketplace Products, Discounts & Offers
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Drugs and Medications used to treat Hypoglycemia:
Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Hypoglycemia include:
Latest treatments for Hypoglycemia:
The following are some of the latest treatments for Hypoglycemia:
Hospitals & Medical Clinics: Hypoglycemia
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Hypoglycemia:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Glucose therapy (therapy goal is glucose >100 mg/dL)
–Alert patients may be repleted with oral glucose (e.g., juice, glucose tablets) or IV D50
–Patients with altered consciousness require IV D50 solution
–In children, use bolus of 25% dextrose
–Frequently recheck blood glucose
Glucagon may be used to increase glucose release from the liver if unable to obtain IV access and the patient cannot tolerate oral glucose; less effective in alcoholic and malnourished patients
Octreotide may be used in cases of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia to inhibit insulin release
Thiamine must be given with glucose in any suspected case of alcohol abuse or nutritional deficiency to avoid Wernicke's encephalopathy
Hydrocortisone should be administered if blood glucose remains persistently low to rule out adrenal insufficiency
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Low Back Pain/Swelling:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
In absence of red flag symptoms, return to activity as soon as possible; rest has not been shown to improve recovery
-
Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, opioids, and/or muscle relaxants for pain; epidural corticosteroid injections may be indicated for resistant pain
-
Patient education (weight loss, exercise, proper back biomechanics and ergonomics)
-
Physical therapy, including pain relief modalities (ice, heat, ultrasound), stretching, strengthening, aerobic conditioning, and relaxation therapy
-
Surgery may be indicated for refractory disease, large neurologic deficits, unbearable pain, or significant limitations
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» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Hypoglycemia:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
If awake and alert, give glucose/feed orally
-
If impaired consciousness, D10 or D25 2-4 cc/kg IV/NG
-
For hyperinsulinism:
–Glucagon injection acutely
–Supranormal glucose intake chronically
–Dietary manipulation (increased feeding frequency, some are protein sensitive)
–Medical options: Diazoxide, octreotide
–Surgical option: Subtotal pancreatectomy
-
For defects in fasting adaptation (including defects in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis): Frequent or continuous feeding, night-time cornstarch helpful for some
-
For hormone deficiencies: Hormone replacement (i.e., growth hormone and/or hydrocortisone)
-
Goals of therapy: Prevent recurrent hypoglycemia, prevent catabolic state, promote growth and development
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Hypoglycemia:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Effective treatment of reactive hypoglycemia requires dietary modification to help delay glucose absorption and gastric emptying. Usually this includes small, frequent meals; ingestion of complex carbohydrates, fiber, and fat; and avoidance of simple sugars, alcohol, and fruit drinks. The patient may also receive anticholinergic drugs to slow gastric emptying and intestinal motility and to inhibit vagal stimulation of insulin release.
For fasting hypoglycemia, surgery and drug therapy are usually required. In patients with insulinoma, tumor removal is the treatment of choice. Drug therapy may include nondiuretic thiazides such as diazoxide to inhibit insulin secretion; streptozocin; and hormones, such as glucocorticoids and long-acting glycogen.
Therapy for neonates who have hypoglycemia or who are at risk of developing it includes preventive measures. A hypertonic solution of 10% dextrose, calculated at 5 to 10 ml/kg of body weight administered I.V. over 10 minutes and followed by 4 to 8 mg/kg/minute for maintenance, should correct a severe hypoglycemic state in neonates. To reduce the chance of hypoglycemia in high-risk neonates, they should receive feedings (either breast milk or a solution of 5% to 10% glucose and water) as soon after birth as possible.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Low birth weight:
Emergency Interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Because low birth weight may be associated with poorly developed body systems, particularly the respiratory system, your priority is to monitor the neonate’s respiratory status. Be alert for signs of distress, such as apnea, grunting respirations, intercostal or xiphoid retractions, or a respiratory rate exceeding 60 breaths/minute after the first hour of life. If you detect any of these signs, prepare to provide respiratory support. Endotracheal intubation or supplemental oxygen with an oxygen hood may be needed.
Monitor the neonate’s axillary temperature. Decreased fat reserves may keep him from maintaining normal body temperature, and a drop below 97.8° F (36.5° C) exacerbates respiratory distress by increasing oxygen consumption. To maintain normal body temperature, use an overbed warmer or an Isolette. (If these are unavailable, use a wrapped rubber bottle filled with warm water, but be careful to avoid hyperthermia.) Cover neonate’s head to prevent heat loss.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Hypoglycemia:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Urgent treatment may be provided by glucose tablets, candy, or fluids if the patient is alert. Dextrose 50% solution is given for emergency treatment, followed by a constant infusion in children and adults. Reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia require different treatments.
Reactive hypoglycemia
Effective treatment of reactive hypoglycemia requires dietary modification to help delay glucose absorption and gastric emptying. Usually, this includes small, frequent meals; ingestion of complex carbohydrates, fiber, and fat; and avoidance of simple sugars, alcohol, and fruit drinks.
The patient may also receive anticholinergic drugs to slow gastric emptying and intestinal motility and to inhibit vagal stimulation of insulin release.
Fasting hypoglycemia
In fasting hypoglycemia, surgery and drug therapy are usually required. In patients with insulinoma, removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice. Drug therapy may include nondiuretic thiazides, such as diazoxide, to inhibit insulin secretion, streptozocin, and hormones, such as glucocorticoids and long-acting glycogen.
In neonates
Therapy for neonates who have hypoglycemia or who are at risk of developing it includes preventive measures. A hypertonic solution of dextrose 10%, calculated at 5 to 10 ml/kg of body weight administered I.V. over 10 minutes and followed by 4 to 8 mg/kg/minute for maintenance, should correct a severe hypoglycemic state in neonates.
To reduce the chance of hypoglycemia in high-risk neonates, they should receive feedings — either breast milk or a solution of dextrose 5% or 10% in water — as soon after birth as possible.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Low birth weight:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Initiate feedings as soon as possible and continue to feed the neonate every 2 to 3 hours.
▪ Provide gavage or I.V. nutrition for the sick or very premature neonate.
▪ Check abdominal girth daily or more frequently if indicated, and check stools for blood to detect necrotizing enterocolitis.
▪ Prepare for a sepsis workup if signs of infection are associated with low birth weight.
▪ Check the neonate's vital signs every 15 minutes for the first hour and at least once every hour thereafter until his condition stabilizes.
▪ Be alert for changes in temperature or behavior, feeding problems, respiratory distress, or periods of apnea—possible indications of infection.
▪ Monitor blood glucose levels and watch for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as irritability, jitteriness, tremors, seizures, irregular respirations, lethargy, and a high-pitched or weak cry.
▪ If the neonate is receiving supplemental oxygen, carefully monitor arterial blood gas values and the oxygen concentration of inspired air to prevent retinopathy.
▪ Monitor the neonate's urine output by weighing diapers before and after voiding.
▪ Check urine color, measure specific gravity, and test for the presence of glucose, blood, or protein.
▪ Watch for changes in the neonate's skin color because increasing jaundice may indicate hyperbilirubinemia.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain disorder and all procedures and treatments to the parents.
▪ Encourage the parents to participate in their neonate's care to strengthen bonding.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Monitor glucose levels in the infant. Hypoglycemia in the newborn is important and may go undetected:
Management
(Avoiding Common Pediatric Errors)
For asymptomatic infants whose hypoglycemia has been noted on an initial
screen,initial management is to provide enteral feeds (breast milk or formula).
Table1 4.2 Clinical Signs
Respiratory: Tachypnea; Apnea; Respiratory distress
Cardiovascular: Tachycardia; Bradycardia
Neurologic: Jitteriness; Lethargy; Weak suck; Temperature instability
These infants should continue to be monitored for 12 to 24 hours. If there
is a second episode of preprandial hypoglycemia, intravenous (IV) therapy
should be considered, even if the infant remains asymptomatic, recent literature suggests better neurodevelopment outcomes occur with better glycemic
control. For symptomatic infants or high-risk infants, immediate IV therapy
should be considered, as follows:
Bolus: 200 mg/kg dextrose (or 20 mL/kg of D10W),
THEN
Continuous: 5 to 8 mg/kg/min of glucose
If hypoglycemia recurs, repeat bolus and increase infusion by 15% to 20%
Once glucose levels have been stable for 12 to 24 hours, wean IV therapy
(reducetheinfusionrateby10%to20%eachtimebloodglucose>50mg/dL
(2.8 mmol/L))
What to watch out for: Dextrose concentrations >12.5% should ONLY be
administered via central catheter NOT by peripheral IV.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Avoiding Common Pediatric Errors, 2008
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