Glossary for Hypospadias

• $18p minus syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing which is characterized by mental and growth deficiencies, drooping upper eyelid and prominent ears. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount of genetic material that is missing.
• $1q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $3-Beta-HSD, Deficiency of$: A rare condition where the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase) results in reduced levels of adrenal hormones - mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex steroids. The condition results in variable degrees of salt wasting and abnormal sexual organ development depending on the level of deficiency.
• $3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase deficiency$: A rare condition where the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase) results in reduced levels of adrenal hormones - mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex steroids. The condition results in variable degrees of salt wasting and abnormal sexual organ development depending on the level of deficiency.
• $3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, Type II, Deficiency of$: A rare condition where the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase) results in reduced levels of adrenal hormones - mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex steroids. The condition results in variable degrees of salt wasting and abnormal sexual organ development depending on the level of deficiency.
• $3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 1$: A recessively inherited metabolic disorder characterized by methylglutaconic acid in the urine.
• $3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V$: A rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid.
• $3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency$: A ver rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia involving a deficiency of 3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which results in reduced production of adrenal steroids (mineralocorticoids, sex steroids and glucocorticoids). The disorder can occur in classical, non-salt wasting and late-onset varieties.
• $46,XX testicular DSD$: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.
• $46,XX testicular disorder of sex development$: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.
• $46,XY chromosome 7 deletion p13-p21$: A chromosomal disorder where a small portion of chromosome 7 is deleted which results in a range of abnormalities.
• $4p16.3 deletion$: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 4 is deleted at a location called 16.3. The condition is characterized by malformations in most parts of the body as the deletion affects growth and development of the fetus.
• Absent corpus callosum - cataract - immunodeficiency: A rare syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, cleft lip or palate, cataract, reduced pigmentation and brain abnormalities.
• Abuelo Forman Rubin Syndrome: A rare condition where a blood disorder called alpha-thalassemia is associated with hand and foot defects and genital abnormalities.
• Acrocallosal Syndrome (Schinzel Type): A rare condition characterized by absence of portion of the brain (corpus callosum), mental deficiency, duplicated toes, mental deficiency and other abnormalities.
• Acyclovir - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Acyclovir during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Al Awadi syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized primarily by severe malformations involving the limbs and pelvis.
• Al Awadi-Raas-Rothschild syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized primarily by severe malformations involving the limbs and pelvis. The exact type and severity of symptoms is variable. Most cases appear to occur in cases where the parents were related.
• Amiloride - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Amiloride during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Aminopterin - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to ? during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Amitriptyline - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Amitriptyline during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Amobarbital - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Amobarbital during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ampicillin - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Ampicillin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ampola syndrome: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Anophthalmia - cleft palate - micrognathia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent eyes, cleft palate and a small jaw.
• Anophthalmia/microphthalmia - esophageal atresia: A rare disorder characterized by esophageal and genital defects as well as absent or very small eyes.
• Aspirin - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Aspirin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Atenolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Atenolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Aureomycin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Aureomycin (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Azathioprine - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Azathioprine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Beclomethasone - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Beclomethasone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Benadryl - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Benadryl during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Benazepril - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Benazepril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Bent penis: Abnormal bending or curvature of the penis
• Bentham-Driessen-Hanveld syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of undescended testes, long thin fingers and mental retardation.
• Betaxolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Betaxolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Biemond syndrome type 2: A rare inherited condition characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and underdeveloped genitals.
• Bisoprolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Bisoprolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Brachio-Skeletal-Genital Syndrome: A very rare syndrome described in three siblings of related parents. The offspring had skull, skeletal and genital abnormalities.
• Brachmann-De Lange Syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by very small stature, synophrys, thin downturning upper lip and micromelia.
• Branchio-skeleto-genital syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, jaw anomalies, cleft palate, sunken chest and other abnormalities.
• Brevibloc - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Brevibloc (a heart drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Bromocriptine - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Bromocriptine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Butriptyline - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Butriptyline during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Captopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Captopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Carbamazepine - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Carbamazepine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Carbimazole - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Carbimazole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cardem - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cardem (a beta-blocker medication) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cartelol - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Cartelol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cataract - intellectual deficit - anal atresia - urinary defects: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by cataracts, mental retardation and genitourinary tract abnormalities and absent anal opening.
• Celexa - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Celexa (an antidepressant) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Celipro - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Celipro (a beta-blocker medication) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Celiprolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Celiprolol (a beta-blocker medication) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cephalopolysyndactyly: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones and craniofacial abnormalities, finger and toe abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is variable with many cases remaining undiagnosed because their condition is relatively mild and doesn't cause many problems.
• Cerebro oculo genital syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain, eye and genital abnormalities.
• Chlorothiazide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Chlorothiazide ( a diuretic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Chlortetracycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Chlortetracycline (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Chromosome 10, trisomy 10p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 10p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 11, deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 11q partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is missing and is characterized by trigonencephaly, heart defects and a large, carp-shaped mouth.
• Chromosome 13 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 13 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 13q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 15 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 15 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 16q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 1q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 21 monosomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two leading to various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 21q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm of chromosome 21 is deleted.
• Chromosome 22, trisomy: A very rare disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 22 in all the body cells. The condition is usually fatal soon after birth or during the fetal stage.
• Chromosome 22q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is duplicated.
• Chromosome 2p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two. The condition is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, broad nose root and excessive hair growth.
• Chromosome 4 short arm deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome four is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 4p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 6, trisomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 7q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 8, monosomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 8p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in three copies instead of two. The type and severity of symptoms depends on the location and length of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 9 in the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 9 in the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 9q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is deleted resulting in variable symptoms.
• Chromosome diploid-triploid mosaicism syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving chromosomal duplication, triplication and mosaicism.
• Ciclosporin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ciclosporin (an immunosuppressant drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cipramil - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cipramil (an antidepressant) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Citalopram - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Citalopram (an antidepressant) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Clomiphene - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Clomiphene during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Clomocycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Clomocycline (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cloxacillin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cloxacillin (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cloxapen - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cloxapen (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cocaine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cocaine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Complex 5 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (ATP synthetase) disrupts cellular processes. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. The deficiency may result in a variety of symptoms and conditions of variable severity such as Leber's myopathy, Leigh syndrome, cardiomyopathy and NARP (neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa).
• Conjugated estrogens - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Conjugated estrogens during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cordiax - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cordiax (a beta-blocker medication) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Craniofrontonasal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder mainly found in females and characterized by premature closing of skull bones and craniofacial and limb abnormalities.
• Cyclosporin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cyclosporin (an immunosuppressant drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cyclosporine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cyclothiazide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cyclothiazide (a diuretic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cystic fibrosis - gastritis - megaloblastic anaemia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by cystic fibrosis, metaloblastic anemia, mental retardation and gastritis due to helicobacter pylori.
• Cytarabine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Cytarabine (a chemotherapy drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• De la Chapelle syndrome: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.
• Declomycin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Declomycin (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Declostatin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Declostatin (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Del(1) (q25-q32): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q25-q32) of chromosome one is missing. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (q25.2-q31.2): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q25.2-q31.2) of chromosome one is missing.
• Del(1) (q42-qter): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q42-qter) of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 13q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Deletion 22q11: A rare chromosomal disorder where a small piece of genetic material is missing from chromosome 22 at the q11 location.
• Deletion 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities. The resulting condition is often called Cri-du-Chat Syndrome and features may vary somewhat depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Deletion 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Demeclocycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Demeclocycline (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Dibenzepin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Dibenzepin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Dienestrol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Dienestrol (a synthetic form of Viagra) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Dimedrol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Dimedrol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Diphenhydramine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Diphenhydramine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Diphenoxylate - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Diphenoxylate (an antidiarrhea drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Distinctive Craniofacial Features - Pterygia - Mental Retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Diuril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Diuril ( a diuretic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Dothiepin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Dothiepin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Doxycycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Doxycycline during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Dup(1) (p35-p31): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p35-p31) of chromosome one is duplicated. The reported case resulted in death at 6 weeks of age.
• Duplication 10p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Duplication 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic, autosomal dominant: A very rare inherited disorder that affects the development of skin, hair, nails, teeth and sweat glands during the fetal stage.
• Edwards Syndrome: A rare inherited genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is duplicated. Most affected individuals die during the fetal stage and surviving infants have serious defects and tend to live for only a short while.
• Ellis-van Creveld syndrome:
• Emanuel syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is translocated with a portion of chromosome 22. The disorder involves a wide range of abnormalities such as kidney, genital and heart abnormalities, mental retardation, small head and failure to thrive.
• Epispadias: Is a congenital abnormality of the location of the opening of the urethra
• Ergotamine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ergotamine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Erythromycin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Erythromycin (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Esmolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Esmolol (a heart drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Estradiol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Estradiol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Fanconi pancytopenia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by upper limb defects and kidney abnormalities.
• Fluoxetine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Fluoxetine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Fluphenazine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Fluphenazine (an antipsychotic drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Fosinopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Fosinopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Fraser Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the absence of one or both eyes as well as any of a number of other possible congenital abnormalities. Up to half of cases are stillborn.
• Fryns Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by diaphragmatic abnormalities, coarse face and abnormal growth or development of ends of fingers and toes.
• Furosemide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Furosemide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Gabapentin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Gabapentin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Gentamicin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Gentamicin (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• German syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to trimethadione (anticonvulsant drug) and resulting in various physical and developemental abnormalities.
• Glutaric Aciduria, neonatal form of type II A: A more serious neonatal form of glutaricaciduria where there is excessive blood and urine levels of glutaric acid and congenital anomalies may be present.
• Gonadal dysgenesis mixed: A rare condition where the testes develop abnormally with asymmetrical gonads as well as sex chromosome abnormalities. The physical manifestations may range from development of female genitalia to male genitalia with hypospadias.
• Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones and craniofacial abnormalities, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Griseofulvin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Griseofulvin (an antifungal drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Harrod Doman Keele syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by skull, facial, genital, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Haspeslagh Fryns Muelenaere syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Hemolytic anemia, lethal - genital anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by genital abnormalities and hemolytic anemia which often causes death.
• Heparin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Heparin (an anticoagulant drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Hermaphroditism: A very rare genetic disorder where a baby is born having both male and female internal sex organs.
• Hexachlorophene - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Hexachlorophene during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Hydroxychloroquine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Hydroxychloroquine (an antimalarial drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Hypertelorism with esophageal abnormality and hypospadias: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Hypospadias - hypertelorism: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• IMAGe syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by retarded fetal growth, abnormal bone development, underdeveloped adrenal glands and genital abnormalities.
• Imipramine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Imipramine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Impossible syndrome: A very rare syndrome (only one reported case) characterized a range of severe malformations, premature birth and stillbirth.
• Insulin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Insulin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Intrauterine growth retardation - metaphyseal dysplasia - adrenal hypoplasia congenita - genital anomalies: A rare syndrome characterized by retarded fetal growth, abnormal bone development, underdeveloped adrenal glands and genital abnormalities.
• Iprindole - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Iprindole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ischiadic hypoplasia - renal dysfunction - immunodeficiency: A rare disorder characterized by abnormal kidney function, immunodeficiency and an underdeveloped
• Isoniazid - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Isoniazid during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Isotretinoin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Isotretinoin (an acne treatment drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder involving a range of abnormalities including a characteristic beak-like small nose, hypothyroidism and deafness.
• Karandikar-Maria-Kamble syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by cataracts, mental retardation, genitourinary tract abnormalities and absent anal opening.
• Lambert syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by a club foot, inguinal hernia, biliar atresia and branchial dysplasia.
• Lederle - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lederle (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ledermycin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ledermycin (an antibiotic) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Leydig cells hypoplasia: A condition resulting from reduced or absent functioning of Leydig cells which leads to insufficient production of the male hormone androgen which can cause problems with sex differentiation in males at puberty. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the degree of functioning of the Leydig cells. Type 1 is a more severe form of the condition where males develop a female appearance whereas type II results in symptoms such as small penis and hypogonadism though the patients has an overall male appearance.
• Leydig cells hypoplasia, type I: A condition resulting from reduced or absent functioning of Leydig cells which leads to insufficient production of the male hormone androgen which can cause problems with sex differentiation in males at puberty. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the degree of functioning of the Leydig cells. Type 1 is a more severe form of the condition where males develop a female appearance whereas type II results in symptoms such as small penis and hypogonadism though the patients has an overall male appearance.
• Leydig cells hypoplasia, type II: A condition resulting from reduced or absent functioning of Leydig cells which leads to insufficient production of the male hormone androgen which can cause problems with sex differentiation in males at puberty. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the degree of functioning of the Leydig cells. Type 1 is a more severe form of the condition where males develop a female appearance whereas type II results in symptoms such as small penis and hypogonadism though the patients has an overall male appearance.
• Lindane - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lindane during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where the early phase of adrenal cortisol production is defective which causes mineralocorticoid deficiency. Male pseudohermaphroditism is the main characteristic of this disorder.
• Lisinopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lisinopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Loratadine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Loratadine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Lowry-Maclean syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, retarded growth, glaucoma, congenital heart defects and premature fusion of skull bones.
• Malpuech facial clefting syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental and physical retardation, wide set eyes, genital abnormalities and a characteristic facial cleft.
• Mebendazole - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Mebendazole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Meclizine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Meclizine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Medroxyprogesterone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Medroxyprogesterone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mental Retardation - Pterygia - Shortness - Distinctive Facial Appearance: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Mental retardation - short stature - deafness - genital: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature, deafness and genital abnormalities.
• Mental retardation unusual facies ampola type: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Mental retardation, Wolff type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by severe mental retardation and facial anomalies. The parents came from the same bloodline.
• Meperidine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Meperidine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mephenytoin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Mephenytoin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mepindolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Mepindolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mesalamine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Mesalamine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mestranol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Mestranol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Metaphyseal undermodeling, spondylar dysplasia, and overgrowth: A rare condition characterized by the association of skeletal anomalies and overgrowth. One of the three children observed with the condition died during adolescence.
• Methacycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Methacycline during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Methimazole antenatal infection: Fetal exposure to methimazole, an antithyroid agent.
• Methotrexate - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Methotrexate during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Methyclothiazide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Methyclothiazide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Methyldopa - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Methyldopa during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Metoclopramide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Metoclopramide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Metolazone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Metolazone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Metoprolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Metoprolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Metronidazole - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Metronidazole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Miconazole - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Miconazole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Micrencephaly corpus callosum agenesis: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain development which results in a very small brain. Patients may die during infancy and survivors suffer mental retardation and other physical abnormalities.
• Micro syndrome: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by intellectual impairment, small head, various eye problems, small genitals and abnormal brain development.
• Microcephaly - cervical spine fusion anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head and fused neck vertebrae.
• Microphthalmia syndromic, type 6: A rare inherited syndrome characterized mainly by small eyes, malformed ears, small jaw and finger and genital abnormalities. The symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Midline field defects: Congenital problems that occur along the vertical axis of the body. Defects can involve the brain, spine, heart, genitals and midline of the head and face.
• Mifepristone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Mifepristone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Minocycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Minocycline during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Misoprostol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Misoprostol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mowat-Wilson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, a small head, characteristic facial appearance and various other abnormalities.
• N syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental and physical retardation, eye abnormalities, retarded growth, hearing impairment and a high risk of developing cancers, particularly leukemia. It is an extremely rare condition originally described in two brothers.
• Nadolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Nadolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Naguib syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by wide-set eyes, hypospadias and extra fingers.
• Neomycin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Neomycin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Norethindrone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Norethindrone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Norethynodrel - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Norethynodrel during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Norfloxacin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Norfloxacin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Nystatin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Nystatin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Nytol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Nytol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ofloxacin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ofloxacin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Olsalazine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Olsalazine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Omeprazole - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Omeprazole during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Opipramol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Opipramol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Opitz syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by wide-set eyes, hypospadias and swallowing difficulties.
• Opitz syndrome , X-linked: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Oxprenolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Oxprenolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Oxytetracycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Oxytetracycline during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Para-Amino Salicylic Acid - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Para-Amino Salicylic Acid during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Paraphimosis: This is a condition where there is constriction in the glans penis by a piece of proximally placed foreskin
• Penbutolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Penbutolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme deficiency: A rare disorder involving abnormal steroid metabolism due to an enzyme 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4) deficiency. The symptoms which make the condition appear very similar to another condition called neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.
• Peyronie's disease: Hard lump on the penis often causing bending.
• Phenacetin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Phenacetin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Phenobarbital - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Phenobarbital during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Phenylpropanolamine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Phenylpropanolamine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Phenytoin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Phenytoin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Phimosis: Where there is constriction of the male foreskin so that it cannot be pulled back over the glans of the penis
• Pindolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Pindolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Polythiazide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Polythiazide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Prednisolone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Prednisolone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Prednisone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Prednisone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Primidone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Primidone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Progeria short stature pigmented nevi: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by premature aging, short stature, and immune system deficiency. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Propanolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Propanolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Propiomazine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Propiomazine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Propylthiouracil - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Propylthiouracil during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias: A rare genetic malformation characterized by ambiguous genitalia in males due to absent or reduced testosterone production or response.
• Pterygia - Mental retardation - Distinctive Craniofacial Features: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Quinapril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Quinapril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Quinethazone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Quinethazone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ramipril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ramipril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Rigid mask-like face - deafness - polydactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, extra digits and a rigid, mask-like face.
• Say syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by a variety of abnormalities including transient low blood gammaglobulin levels.
• Schinzel Giedion Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by many skeletal and genital anomalies, unusual face, mental retardation and kidney malformations.
• Secobarbital - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Secobarbital during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Short stature - craniofacial anomalies - genital hypoplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Shprintzen syndorme: An inherited syndrome of cardiac defects and craniofacial anomalies and various other abnormalities.
• Simethicone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Simethicone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, type 1 (SGBS1): A rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth, a peculiar face and other defects.
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome: A rare genetic condition involving a severe defect in the process of cholesterol synthesis resulting in low cholesterol levels in cells but high levels of the chemicals that are made into cholesterol.
• Sotalol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Sotalol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Spermicides - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Spermicides during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Spina bifida - hypospadias: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by spina bifida (a opening in the spine) and an abnormally placed urethral opening (hypospadias).
• Stenosis: An abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal
• Sulbactam - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Sulbactam during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Sulphasalazine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Sulphasalazine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Sumatriptan - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Sumatriptan during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Tetracycline - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Tetracycline during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Thalidomide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Thalidomide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Timolol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Timolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Tretinoin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Tretinoin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Trichlormethiazide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Trichlormethiazide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Triploid syndrome: A complete extra set of chromosomes.
• Urophathy distal obstructive polydactyly: A rare syndrome characterized by extra digits and an obstructive urinary system disorder.
• Vagina conditions: Any condition that affects the female vagina
• Valproic Acid - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Valproic Acid during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Valproic acid antenatal infection: A condition which usually occurs in a fetus due to the mother taking valproic acid for epileptic seizures
• Van Regemorter Pierquin Vamos syndrome: A syndrome which is characterised by multiple congenital abnormalities
• Velocardiofacial syndrome: A genetic disorder which can present with a wide range of phenotypic manifestations which has lead to a number of different names being assigned to the various presentations e.g. DiGeorge Syndrome and Cayler Anomaly Face Syndrome. There are nearly 200 different symptoms that can occur and the severity of the condition is also highly variable depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms that are present.
• WAGR Syndrome: A syndrome that is due to the deletion of chromosome 11.
• Wildervanck syndrome 2: A syndrome characterized by mental retardation from birth, short stature, eye problems and various other abnormalities.
• Wilms tumor - aniridia - genitourinary anomalies - mental retardation: A syndrome resulting from deletion of genetic material from chromosome the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p13). The characteristic symptoms are partial or complete absence of iris, genitourinary anomalies, mental retardation and Wilms' tumor. The specific range and severity of symptoms is variable depending on the size and exact location of the genetic material that is missing.
• X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X): An x-linked condition that features mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and alpha thalassemia
• XX male syndrome: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.

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