Causes of Hysterectomy

List of causes of Hysterectomy

Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Hysterectomy) that could possibly cause Hysterectomy includes:

• Uterine fibroids - most common reason accounting for about a third of hysterectomies.
• Endometriosis - 18% of cases; second most common cause.
• PID

Hysterectomy Causes: Book Excerpts

• Differential Diagnosis - Pelvic Masses - Female
• Differential Diagnosis - Pelvic Pain - Female
• Causes and incidence - Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Differential Overview - Abdominal/Pelvic Mass
• Causes - Pelvic inflammatory disease

Medical news summaries relating to Hysterectomy:

The following medical news items are relevant to causes of Hysterectomy:

• Hormone therapy associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer
• Mother receives $8,269.50 for allegedly botched birth leading to brain damage
• Physician has license suspended following the investigation of four abortion cases
• Use of estrogen by women with hysterectomies may increase the risk of gallbladder disease
• More news »

Cause statistics for Hysterectomy:

The following are statistics from various sources about the causes of Hysterectomy:

• Fibroids are the number 1 reason for hysterectomy in the US (The National Women’s Health Information Center, CDC)
• Fibroids result in 150,000-175,000 hysterectomies in the US (The National Women’s Health Information Center, CDC)
• more statistics...»

Related information on causes of Hysterectomy:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Hysterectomy may be found in:

• Risk factors for Hysterectomy
• Hidden causes of Hysterectomy

Causes of Hysterectomy: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Hysterectomy.

Pelvic Masses - Female: Differential Diagnosis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

• Postmenarche/premenopause
  –Ovarian: Follicular and corpus luteum cysts (most common), endometrioma, polycystic ovarian syndrome, neoplasms (benign or malignant)
  –Infectious: Tubo-ovarian abscess (secondary to PID), hydrosalpinx
  –Pregnancy: Uterine, ectopic, or molar
  –Leiomyomas (fibroids)
  –Retroperitoneal tumors
  –Constipation
• Postmenopause (increased risk of malignant neoplasms)
  –Ovarian fibromas
  –Ovarian cysts
  –Leiomyomas (fibroids)
  –Diverticular abscesses
  –Enlarged bladder
  –Hernia (femoral or inguinal)
  –Primary ovarian carcinoma
  –Metastatic disease from uterus, breast, or GI tract
  –Colorectal cancer
• Newborns/children
  –Functional ovarian cysts
  –Germ cell tumor: Dermoid (benign cystic teratoma), dysgerminomas
  –Wilms’ tumor
  –Lymphoma
• Sacral promontory can occasionally be confused with a pelvic mass by inexperienced clinicians
• Less common etiologies (“zebras”) include ovarian torsion, leiomyoma torsion, congenital obstructive genital lesion (e.g., imperforate hymen, blinded uterine horn), bicornuate uterus, pelvic kidney, and cervical cancer
• Males
  –Lymphoma
  –Colorectal cancer
  –Diverticular abscesses
  –Metastatic disease from colorectal cancer
  –Bladder distension (often secondary to BPH)
  –Hernia (femoral or inguinal)
  –Retroperitoneal tumors
  –Constipation

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004

Pelvic Pain - Female: Differential Diagnosis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

Acute pain (<6 months)

• Pregnancy-related
  –Ectopic pregnancy
  –Threatened abortion
  –Incomplete abortion
  –Septic abortion
  –Ruptured corpus luteal cyst
• Gynecologic (noncyclic)
  –Ovarian cyst
  –Pelvic inflammatory disease
  –Tubo-ovarian abscess
  –Vaginitis/cervicitis
  –Ovarian torsion
  –Uterine fibroids
  –Pelvic (ovarian, uterine, urinary) neoplasm
  –Pelvic floor prolapse (cystocele/rectocele)
• Gynecologic (cyclic pain)
  –Primary dysmenorrhea
  –Endometriosis
  –IUD
  –Mittelschmerz (midcycle ovulation)
• Nongynecologic
  –Irritable bowel syndrome
  –UTI/pyelonephritis
  –Nephrolithiasis
  –Appendicitis
  –Diverticulitis
  –Sexual abuse/trauma
  –Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  –Mesenteric ischemia/infarction
• 
  Chronic pain (>6 months)
• Very difficult to diagnose; differential includes gynecologic and nongynecologic etiologies (above), as well as the following
  –Pelvic adhesions
  –Interstitial cystitis
  –Inflammatory bowel disease
  –Adenomyosis
  –Leiomyoma (fibroids)
  –Hernia (femoral or inguinal)
  –Depression
  –Irritable bowel syndrome
  –Diverticulosis or diverticular abscess
  –Lymphoma
• Less common etiologies (“zebras”) include pelvic congestion syndrome, mesenteric adenitis, surgical adhesions, Asherman's syndrome, foreign body (e.g., tampon), abdominal wall nerve entrapment, and porphyria

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004

Pelvic inflammatory disease: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

PID can result from infection with aerobic or anaerobic organisms. The organisms Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common cause because they most readily penetrate the bacteriostatic barrier of cervical mucus.

Normally, cervical secretions have a protective and defensive function. Therefore, conditions or procedures that alter or destroy cervical mucus impair this bacteriostatic mechanism and allow bacteria present in the cervix or vagina to ascend into the uterine cavity; such procedures include conization or cauterization of the cervix.

Uterine infection can also follow the transfer of contaminated cervical mucus into the endometrial cavity by instrumentation. Consequently, PID can follow insertion of an intrauterine device, use of a biopsy curet or an irrigation catheter, or tubal insufflation. Other predisposing factors include abortion, pelvic surgery, and infection during or after pregnancy.

Bacteria may also enter the uterine cavity through the bloodstream or from drainage from a chronically infected fallopian tube, a pelvic abscess, a ruptured appendix, diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, or other infectious foci.

Common bacteria found in cervical mucus are staphylococci, streptococci, diphtheroids, chlamydiae, and coliforms, including Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli. Uterine infection can result from any one or several of these organisms or may follow the multiplication of normally nonpathogenic bacteria in an altered endometrial environment. Bacterial multiplication is most common during parturition because the endometrium is atrophic, quiescent, and not stimulated by estrogen.

 In the United States, nearly 1 million people develop PID each year; many cases go undiagnosed. About 1 in 8 active adolescents will develop PID before age 21.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Abdominal/Pelvic Mass: Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

Abdominal Mass

❑ Liver enlargement

❑ Spleen enlargement

❑ Fecal mass

❑ Diverticulitis

❑ Colon cancer

❑ Gallbladder enlargement

❑ Pancreatic pseudocyst

❑ Crohn disease

❑ Abdominal aortic aneurysm

❑ Renal enlargement

Pelvic Mass

❑ Distended bladder

❑ Pregnant uterus

❑ Salpingitis

❑ Ovarian cyst

❑ Uterine fibromyoma

❑ Ovarian cancer

❑ Endometrial cancer

❑ Ectopic pregnancy

❑ Malignant deposit

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007

Pelvic inflammatory disease: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

PID can result from infection with aerobic or anaerobic organisms. The aerobic organism Neisseria gonorrhoeae is its most common cause because it readily penetrates the bacteriostatic barrier of cervical mucus.

Normally, cervical secretions have a protective and defensive function. Therefore, conditions or procedures that alter or destroy cervical mucus (including conization or cauterization of the cervix) impair this bacteriostatic mechanism and allow bacteria present in the cervix or vagina to ascend into the uterine cavity.

Uterine infection can also follow the transfer of contaminated cervical mucus into the endometrial cavity by instrumentation. Consequently, PID can follow insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD), use of a biopsy curet or an irrigation catheter, or tubal insufflation. Other predisposing factors include abortion, pelvic surgery, and infection during or after pregnancy.

Bacteria may also enter the uterine cavity through the bloodstream or in drainage from a chronically infected fallopian tube, pelvic abscess, ruptured appendix, diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, or other infectious foci.

The most common bacteria found in cervical mucus are staphylococci, streptococci, diphtheroids, chlamydiae, and coliforms, including Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli.

Uterine infection can result from one or several of these organisms or it may follow the multiplication of normally nonpathogenic bacteria in an altered endometrial environment. Bacterial multiplication is most common during parturition, because the endometrium is atrophic, quiescent, and not stimulated by estrogen.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003

 » Next page: Risk Factors for Hysterectomy

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