Treatments for Interstitial lung disease

Treatments of Interstitial lung disease: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the treatments of Interstitial lung disease.

Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia: Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Corticosteroids are the current treatment for BOOP, although the ideal dosage and duration of treatment remain topics of discussion. Relapse is common when steroids are tapered off or stopped. This usually can be reversed when steroids are increased or resumed. Occasionally, a patient may need to continue corticosteroids indefinitely.

Immunosuppressive-cytotoxic drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, have been used in the few cases of intolerance or unresponsiveness.

Oxygen is used to correct hypoxemia. The patient may need either no oxygen or a small amount of oxygen at rest and a greater amount when he exercises.

Other treatments vary, depending on the patient’s symptoms, and may include inhaled bronchodilators, cough suppressants, and bronchial hygiene therapies.

BOOP is very responsive to treatment and usually can be completely reversed with corticosteroid therapy. However, a few deaths have been reported, particularly in patients who had more widespread pathologic changes in the lung or patients who developed opportunistic infections or other complications related to steroid therapy.

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

PCP may respond to drug therapy with co-trimoxazole. Other agents used to treat PCP include pentamidine, trimethoprim-dapsone, clindamycin, primaquine, and atovaquone. Corticosteroids are frequently used as well. However, because of immune system impairment, many patients with PCP, who also have HIV, experience severe adverse reactions to drug therapy.

Supportive measures, such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, adequate nutrition, and fluid balance, are important adjunctive therapies. Oral morphine sulfate solution may reduce the respiratory rate and anxiety, thereby enhancing oxygenation.

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Acute pneumonia: Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Antibiotics, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, increased fluid intake, bed rest, analgesics

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Pneumonia: Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Antimicrobial therapy varies with the causative agent. Therapy should be reevaluated early in the course of treatment. Supportive measures include humidified oxygen therapy for hypoxemia, mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure, a high-calorie diet and adequate fluid intake, bed rest, and an analgesic to relieve pleuritic chest pain. Patients with severe pneumonia on mechanical ventilation may require positive end-expiratory pressure to facilitate adequate oxygenation.

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Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, idiopathic: Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)

Corticosteroids are the treatment of choice for BOOP, although the ideal dosage and duration of treatment remain topics of discussion. In most cases, treatment begins with 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone for at least several days to several weeks; the dosage is then gradually reduced over several months to a year, depending on the patient’s response. Relapse is common when the steroid dosage is tapered off or stopped but usually can be reversed when the dosage is increased or resumed. Occasionally, a patient may need to continue corticosteroid therapy indefinitely.

Immunosuppressant-cytotoxic drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, have been used in the few cases in which the patient couldn’t tolerate or was unresponsive to corticosteroids.

Oxygen is used to correct hypoxemia. The patient may need either no oxygen or a small amount of oxygen at rest and a greater amount when he exercises.

Other treatments vary, depending on the patient’s symptoms, and may include an inhaled bronchodilator, a cough suppressant, and bronchial hygiene therapy.

BOOP is responsive to treatment and usually can be completely reversed with corticosteroid therapy. However, a few deaths have been reported, particularly in patients who had more widespread pathologic changes in the lungs or patients who developed opportunistic infections or other complications related to steroid therapy.

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)

PCP may respond to drug therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Because of immune system impairment, many patients with HIV experience adverse reactions to drug therapy; diphenhydramine may be prescribed to reduce these adverse effects.

Pentamidine may be administered I.V. or in aerosol form. I.V. pentamidine is associated with a high incidence of severe toxic effects; the inhaled form is usually well tolerated. However, inhaled pentamidine may not effectively reach the lung apices. Adverse reactions associated with inhalation include metallic taste, pharyngitis, cough, bronchospasm, shortness of breath, rhinitis, and laryngitis.

Supportive measures, such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, adequate nutrition, and fluid balance, are important adjunctive therapies.

CLINICAL TIP: Oral or I.V. morphine sulfate may reduce the respiratory rate and anxiety, thereby enhancing oxygenation.

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Pneumonia: Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)

Antimicrobial therapy varies with the causative agent. Therapy should be reevaluated early in the course of treatment.

Supportive measures include humidified oxygen therapy for hypoxia, mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure, a high-calorie diet and adequate fluid intake, bed rest, and an analgesic to relieve pleuritic chest pain. Patients with severe pneumonia on mechanical ventilation may require positive end-expiratory pressure to facilitate adequate oxygenation.

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