Treatments for Intestinal obstruction
Treatments for Intestinal obstruction
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Intestinal obstruction
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
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The following are some of the latest treatments for Intestinal obstruction:
Hospital statistics for Intestinal obstruction:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Intestinal obstruction:
- 0.198% (25,280) of hospital consultant episodes were for paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction without hernia in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 75% of hospital consultant episodes for paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction without hernia required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 46% of hospital consultant episodes for paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction without hernia were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 54% of hospital consultant episodes for paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction without hernia were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- more hospital information...»
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Intestinal obstruction
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Constipation:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
- If history, physical, and evaluation are all negative, a series of lifestyle modifications and conservative treatments are indicated
–Increase fiber and fluid intake
–Exercise
–Avoid causative medications
–Saline cathartics: Magnesium-containing compounds
and phosphate enemas work by osmotic effect; avoid in renal insufficiency; for acute cases only
–Hyperosmotic nonabsorbing sugars (e.g., lactulose) may be used for long-term management and are less toxic
–Lavage solutions may be used for refractory constipation and impactions
–Enemas: Low volume tap water or sodium phosphate (FLEET) may be used for severe constipation
–A combination of suppositories (glycerin or bisaccodyl) and enemas (phosphate) will soften impactions; however, digital disimpaction may be necessary
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Constipation:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Functional constipation
–Parental education and demystification of the process of normal defecation
–Disimpaction with oral laxatives, senna, magnesium citrate, enemas
–Maintenance stool softeners for 6–12 months, osmotic agents such as lactulose, polyethylene glycol 3350 (Miralax), mineral oil, milk of magnesia, Mylanta
–Dietary manipulations: Increase fluid intake and increase dietary fiber (14 g/1,000 cal required)
-
Cessation of offending drugs when possible
-
Correction of electrolyte disturbance
-
Treatment of endocrinologic disease
-
Hirschsprung disease is treated by surgical resection of agangliotic segment with subsequent reanastomosis
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Breath with fecal odor:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
Because fecal breath odor signals a potentially life-threatening intestinal obstruction, you'll need to quickly evaluate the patient's condition. Monitor his vital signs, and be alert for signs of shock, such as hypotension, tachycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and cool, clammy skin. Ask the patient if he's experiencing nausea or has vomited. Find out the frequency of vomiting as well as the color, odor, amount, and consistency of the vomitus. Have an emesis basin nearby to collect and accurately measure the vomitus.
Anticipate possible surgery to relieve an obstruction or repair a fistula, and withhold all food and fluids. Be prepared to insert an NG or intestinal tube for GI tract decompression. Insert a peripheral I.V. line for vascular access, or assist with central line insertion for large-bore access and central venous pressure monitoring. Obtain a blood sample and send it to the laboratory for complete blood count and electrolyte analysis because large fluid losses and shifts can produce electrolyte imbalances. Maintain adequate hydration and support circulatory status with additional fluids. Give a physiologic solution — such as lactated Ringer's or normal saline solution or Plasmanate — to prevent metabolic acidosis from gastric losses and metabolic alkalosis from intestinal fluid losses.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Intestinal obstruction:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Surgery, nasogastric tube, total parenteral nutrition, supportive care (I.V. fluids, bed rest)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Breath with fecal odor:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Because fecal breath odor signals a potentially life-threatening intestinal obstruction, you’ll need to quickly evaluate your patient’s condition. Monitor his vital signs, and be alert for signs of shock, such as hypotension, tachycardia, narrowed pulse pressure, and cool, clammy skin. Ask the patient if he’s experiencing nausea or has vomited. Find out the frequency of vomiting as well as the color, odor, amount, and consistency of the vomitus. Have an emesis basin nearby to collect and accurately measure the vomitus.
Anticipate possible surgery to relieve an obstruction or repair a fistula, and withhold all food and fluids. Be prepared to insert an NG or intestinal tube for GI tract decompression. Insert a peripheral I.V. line for vascular access, or assist with central line insertion for large-bore access and central venous pressure monitoring. Obtain a blood sample and send it to the laboratory for complete blood count and electrolyte analysis because large fluid losses and shifts can produce electrolyte imbalances. Maintain adequate hydration and support circulatory status with additional fluids. Give a physiologic solution—such as lactated Ringer’s or normal saline solution or Plasmanate—to prevent metabolic acidosis from gastric losses and metabolic alkalosis from intestinal fluid losses.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Constipation:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Caution the patient not to strain during defecation to prevent injuring rectoanal tissue. Instruct him to avoid using laxatives or enemas. If he has been abusing these products, begin to wean him from them. Use a disposable glove and lubricant to remove impacted fecal contents. (Check if an oil-retention enema can be given first to soften the fecal mass.)
Stress the importance of a high-fiber diet, and encourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids. (Explain that he may experience temporary bloating or flatulence after adding fiber to his diet.) Also, encourage him to exercise at least 1½ hours each week, if possible.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Intestinal obstruction:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Initial therapy involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, resting the bowel by decompressing it to relieve vomiting and distention, maintaining nothing by mouth status, and treating shock and peritonitis. A strangulated obstruction usually necessitates blood replacement as well as I.V. fluid administration. Nasogastric tube suction is necessary to relieve vomiting and abdominal distention.
Close monitoring of the patient’s condition determines the duration of treatment; if the patient fails to improve or if his condition deteriorates, surgery is necessary. Surgery is performed on all patients with large-bowel obstruction.
Total parenteral nutrition may be appropriate if the patient suffers a protein deficit from chronic obstruction, postoperative or paralytic ileus, or infection.
Drug therapy includes an analgesic and a sedative. An antibiotic is given for peritonitis due to bowel strangulation or infarction. A broad-spectrum antibiotic should be given to provide anaerobic and gram-negative coverage.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Chronic constipation:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Effective treatment varies with the patient’s age and condition and depends on the cause. A diet high in fiber, sufficient exercise, and increased fluid intake should relieve constipation. (See Breaking the constipation habit.)
Treatment for severe constipation may include bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium, or well-lubricated glycerin suppositories; for fecal impaction, manual removal of stool is necessary. Administration of an oil-retention enema usually precedes stool removal; an enema is also necessary afterward. For lasting relief of constipation, the patient with inactive colon must modify his bowel habits.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Breath odor, fecal:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
After an NG or intestinal tube has been inserted, keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 degrees and turn the patient to facilitate passage of the intestinal tube through the GI tract. Don’t tape the intestinal tube to the patient’s face. Ensure tube patency by monitoring drainage and watching that suction devices function properly. Irrigate as required and monitor GI drainage. Provide meticulous oral care. Send serum samples to the laboratory for electrolyte analysis at least once per day. Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as abdominal X-rays, barium enema, and proctoscopy.
Patient teaching
Explain all procedures and tests. Preoperative teaching is needed if the patient requires surgery. Encourage the patient to brush his teeth and gargle with a flavored mouthwash or half-strength hydrogen peroxide mixture to minimize offensive breath odor. Assure him that the fecal odor is temporary and will abate after treatment of the underlying cause.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Bowel sounds, hypoactive:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Encourage the patient to ambulate to stimulate peristalsis. If he can’t move, assist him in turning side to side and with range-of-motion exercises. Explain all diagnostic tests and procedures as well as the need to withhold food and fluids until bowel sounds improve.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Breath with fecal odor:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Explain all procedures and treatments. Encourage the patient to brush his teeth and gargle with a flavored mouthwash or half-strength hydrogen peroxide mixture to minimize offensive breath odor. Assure him that the fecal odor is temporary and will abate after treatment of the underlying cause.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Constipation:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Caution the patient not to strain during defecation to prevent injuring rectoanal tissue. Instruct him to avoid using laxatives or enemas. If he has been abusing these products, begin to wean him from them. Use a disposable glove and lubricant to remove impacted fecal contents. (Check if an oil-retention enema can be given first to soften the fecal mass.)
Stress the importance of a high-fiber diet, and encourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids. (Explain that he may experience temporary bloating or flatulence after adding fiber to his diet.) Also, encourage him to exercise at least 1½ hours each week, if possible.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Bowel sounds, hypoactive:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Frequently assess for indications of shock, such as thirst; anxiety; restlessness; tachycardia; cool, clammy skin; and weak, thready pulse.
▪ Monitor vital signs and auscultate for bowel sounds every 2 to 4 hours.
▪ If severe pain, abdominal rigidity, guarding, and fever accompany hypoactive bowel sounds, perform emergency interventions to treat paralytic ileus from peritonitis.
▪ If GI suction and decompression are needed using a nasogastric or intestinal tube, restrict oral intake, maintain tube patency, monitor drainage, provide oral and nasal hygiene, keep the head of the bed elevated, and turn the patient to facilitate passage of the tube through the GI tract.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic studies, such as X-ray studies and endoscopic procedures.
▪ Provide comfort measures as needed, such as placing the patient with paralytic ileus in semi-Fowler's position.
Patient teaching
▪ Encourage the patient to ambulate to stimulate peristalsis or, if he can't tolerate ambulation, range-of-motion exercises or turning from side to side may stimulate peristalsis.
▪ Explain all diagnostic procedures and the need to withhold food and fluids.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of hypoactive bowel sounds and the treatment plan after a diagnosis is established.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Breath with fecal odor:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ After an NG or intestinal tube has been inserted, keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 degrees and turn the patient to facilitate passage of the intestinal tube through the GI tract.
▪ Ensure tube patency by monitoring drainage and watching that suction devices function properly. Irrigate as required.
▪ Monitor GI drainage, and send serum specimens to the laboratory for electrolyte analysis.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as abdominal X-rays, barium enema, and proctoscopy.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain all procedure and treatments to the patient.
▪ Teach the techniques of good oral hygiene.
▪ Explain food and fluid restrictions.
▪ Assure the patient that the fecal odor is temporary and will abate after treatment of the underlying condition.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of fecal breath odor and the treatment plan after a diagnosis is established.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Constipation:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as proctosigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema, plain abdominal films, and an upper GI series.
▪ If the patient is on bed rest, reposition him frequently, and help him perform active or passive exercises, as indicated.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient abdominal toning exercises if his abdominal muscles are weak.
▪ Teach relaxation techniques to help him reduce stress.
▪ Encourage the patient to avoid straining.
▪ Stress the importance of a high fiber diet and encourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids.
▪ Discuss the importance of regular exercise and avoidance of chronic use of laxatives or enemas.
▪ Explain the cause of his constipation and the treatment plan.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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