Causes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
List of causes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions
(see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome)
that could possibly cause Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome includes:
Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome Causes: Book Excerpts
Related information on causes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome may be found in:
Causes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome.
Corneal abrasion:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
A corneal abrasion usually results from a foreign body, such as a cinder or a piece of dust, dirt, or grit that becomes embedded under the eyelid. Even if the foreign body is washed out by tears, it may still injure the cornea. Small pieces of metal that get in the eyes of workers who don’t wear protective glasses quickly form a rust ring on the cornea and cause corneal abrasion. Such abrasions also commonly occur in the eyes of people who fall asleep wearing hard contact lenses or whose lenses aren’t fitted properly.
A corneal scratch produced by a fingernail, a piece of paper, or other organic substance may cause a persistent lesion. The epithelium doesn’t always heal properly, and a recurrent corneal erosion may develop, with delayed effects more severe than the original injury.
In the United States, corneal abrasions are a common ophthalmologic cause of emergency department visits. Incidence is highest among younger, physically active individuals; corneal abrasions are rare in elderly people.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Corneal ulcers:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Corneal ulcers generally result from protozoan, bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Common bacterial sources include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus (Diplococcus) pneumoniae, and Moraxella liquefaciens; viral sources comprise herpes simplex type 1, variola, vaccinia, and varicella-zoster viruses; and common fungal sources are Candida, Fusarium, and Cephalosporium.
Other causes include trauma, exposure, reactions to bacterial infections, toxins, trichiasis, entropion, allergens, and wearing of contact lenses. (See What happens in corneal ulceration.) Tuberculoprotein causes a classic phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, vitamin A deficiency results in xerophthalmia, and fifth cranial nerve lesions lead to neurotropic ulcers.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Premature rupture of membranes:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Although the cause of PROM is unknown, malpresentation and contracted pelvis commonly accompany the rupture. Predisposing factors may include:
❑ poor nutrition and hygiene, and lack of proper prenatal care
❑ incompetent cervix (perhaps as a result of abortions)
❑ increased intrauterine tension due to hydramnios or multiple pregnancies
❑ defects in the amniochorial membranes’ tensile strength
❑ uterine infection.
PROM occurs in nearly 10% of all pregnancies over 20 weeks’ gestation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Glaucoma:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Chronic open-angle glaucoma results from overproduction of aqueous humor or obstruction to its outflow through the trabecular meshwork or the canal of Schlemm. (See Normal flow of aqueous humor, page 1184.) This form of glaucoma, which is estimated to be present in 1% to 2% of people older than age 40, is frequently familial in origin and affects 90% of all patients with glaucoma. Diabetes and systemic hypertension have also been associated with this form of glaucoma.
Acute angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma results from obstruction to the outflow of aqueous humor due to anatomically narrow angles between the anterior iris and the posterior corneal surface, shallow anterior chambers, a thickened iris that causes angle closure on pupil dilation, or a bulging iris that presses on the trabeculae, closing the angle (peripheral anterior synechiae).
Blacks are four times more likely to have this disorder than whites, and people with a family history of open-angle glaucoma are twice as likely to develop it than people without a family history of this disorder. The use of systemic anticholinergic medications, such as atropine or eye dilation drops, in a person who’s already at high-risk for acute glaucoma increases the risk. Other risk factors include farsightedness and age-related changes that create an increase in intraocular pressure.
Congenital glaucoma occurs when there is an abnormal fluid drainage angle of the eye. It may be caused by congenital infections such as TORCH virus (toxoplasmosis, other [varicella, mumps, parvovirus, human immunodeficiency virus], rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes), Sturge-Weber syndrome, or retinopathy of prematurity.
Secondary glaucoma can result from uveitis, trauma, or drugs (such as steroids). Neovascularization in the angle can result from vein occlusion or diabetes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Corneal abrasion:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
A corneal abrasion usually results from a foreign body, such as a cinder or a piece of dust, dirt, or grit, which becomes embedded under the eyelid. Even if the foreign body is washed out by tears, it may still injure the cornea.
A small piece of metal that gets in the eyes of workers who don’t wear protective glasses quickly forms an abrasion and then forms a rust ring on the cornea. Abrasions also commonly occur in the eyes of people who fall asleep wearing hard contact lenses. A corneal scratch produced by a fingernail, a piece of paper, or another organic substance may cause a persistent lesion. The epithelium doesn’t always heal properly, and a recurrent corneal erosion may develop, with delayed effects more severe than those of the original injury.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Corneal ulcers:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Corneal ulcers generally result from bacterial, protozoan, viral, or fungal infections. Common bacterial sources include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus (Diplococcus) pneumoniae, and Moraxella liquefaciens; viral sources, herpes simplex type 1, and varicella-zoster viruses; and common fungi, such as Candida, Fusarium, and Cephalosporium.
Other causes include trauma, exposure, reactions to bacterial infections, toxins, and allergens. Tuberculoprotein causes a classic phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis; vitamin A deficiency results in xerophthalmia; and fifth cranial nerve lesions result in neurotropic ulcers.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Premature rupture of the membranes:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Although the cause of PROM is unknown, malpresentation and contracted pelvis commonly accompany the rupture. Predisposing factors may include:
❑ poor nutrition and hygiene and lack of proper prenatal care
❑ incompetent cervix (perhaps as a result of abortions)
❑ increased intrauterine tension due to hydramnios or multiple pregnancies
❑ defects in the amniochorial membranes’ tensile strength
❑ uterine infection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Glaucoma:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
The cause of glaucoma varies according to the type of disorder:
❑ Chronic open-angle glaucoma results from overproduction of aqueous humor or from obstructed outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork or the canal of Schlemm. This form of glaucoma frequently runs in families and affects 90% of all patients with glaucoma.
❑ Acute angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma results from obstructed outflow of aqueous humor caused by anatomically narrow angles between the anterior iris and the posterior corneal surface, shallow anterior chambers, a thickened iris that causes angle closure on pupil dilation, or a bulging iris that presses on the trabeculae, closing the angle. Adhesions in the angle, referred to as peripheral anterior synechiae, may be the cause.
❑ Secondary glaucoma can result from uveitis, trauma, or drugs such as steroids. Neovascularization in the angle can result from vein occlusion or diabetes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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