Prevalence and Incidence of Ischemic heart disease

Prevalence/Incidence of Ischemic heart disease: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Ischemic heart disease.

Coronary artery disease: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Atherosclerosis is the usual cause of CAD. In this form of arteriosclerosis, fatty, fibrous plaques, possibly including calcium deposits, narrow the lumen of the coronary arteries, reduce the volume of blood that can flow through them, and lead to myocardial ischemia. Plaque formation also predisposes to thrombosis, which can provoke myocardial infarction (MI).

Atherosclerosis usually develops in high-flow, high-pressure arteries, such as those in the heart, brain, kidneys, and in the aorta, especially at bifurcation points. It has been linked to many risk factors: family history, male gender, age (risk increased in those aged 65 or older), hypertension, obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, stress, sedentary lifestyle, high serum cholesterol (particularly high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) or triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, high blood homocysteine levels, menopause and, possibly, infections producing inflammatory responses in the artery walls.

Uncommon causes of reduced coronary artery blood flow include dissecting aneurysms, infectious vasculitis, syphilis, and congenital defects in the coronary vascular system. Coronary artery spasms may also impede blood flow. (See Coronary artery spasm.)

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the American Heart Association, someone in the United States suffers a coronary heart event approximately every 29 seconds, and someone dies from such an event approximately every 60 seconds.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Anomalous Coronary Artery: Anomalous Coronary Artery - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

• Incidence: Rare anomaly
• Prevalence:
  • The majority of patients with this anomaly present in infancy, at around the age of 2 months.
  • Of note, the literature includes many single case reports of newly diagnosed patients presenting as old as during the 4th to 7th decade of life.

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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008

About prevalence and incidence statistics:

The term 'prevalence' of Ischemic heart disease usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Ischemic heart disease at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Ischemic heart disease refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Ischemic heart disease diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.

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