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Treatment includes antibiotics, given orally or I.V., for 7 to 10 days or until sputum production decreases. Bronchodilators, combined with postural drainage and chest percussion, help remove secretions if the patient has bronchospasm and thick, tenacious sputum. Bronchoscopy may be used to remove obstruction and secretions. Hypoxia requires oxygen therapy; severe hemoptysis commonly requires lobectomy, segmental resection, or bronchial artery embolization if pulmonary function is poor. Long-term antibiotic therapy isn’t appropriate because it may predispose the patient to serious gram-negative infections and resistant organisms.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
If orofacial dyskinesia is drug-induced, assure the patient and his family that movements may disappear eventually, after the drug is stopped. If orofacial dyskinesia is uncontrollable, advise the patient and his family that drug therapy or psychotherapy may be beneficial.
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Typically, an oral or I.V. antibiotic is given for 7 to 10 days or until sputum production decreases. For severe cases, several different antibiotics may be used sequentially in a continuous regimen to minimize bacterial resistance. If the patient has bronchospasm and thick, tenacious sputum, a bronchodilator, combined with postural drainage and chest percussion, can help remove secretions. Bronchoscopy may be used to help mobilize secretions.
Hypoxia requires oxygen therapy, and severe hemoptysis requires lobectomy, segmental resection, or bronchial artery embolization if pulmonary function is poor.
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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