Diagnosis of Kidney Dialysis
Kidney Dialysis Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Tests and diagnosis discussion for Kidney Dialysis:
If you have lost at least
half of normal kidney function (serum creatinine greater than 2
mg/dL) and have a low Hct, the most likely cause of anemia is
decreased EPO production. The National Kidney Foundation's Dialysis
Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) recommends that doctors begin a
detailed evaluation of anemia in men and postmenopausal women on
dialysis when the Hct value falls below 37 percent. For women of
childbearing age, evaluation should begin when the Hct falls below
33 percent. The evaluation will include tests for iron deficiency
and blood loss in the stool to be certain there are no other reasons
for the anemia.
When To Evaluate Dialysis Patients
for Anemia
|
Hematocrit (Hct) |
Hemoglobin (Hgb) |
| Women who menstruate |
less than 33% |
less than 11 g/dL |
| All men and postmenopausal
women |
less than 37% |
less than 12
g/dL |
Source:
The National Kidney Foundation's Dialysis Outcomes Quality
Initiative. (Source: excerpt from
Anemia in Kidney Disease and Dialysis: NIDDK)
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Dialysis: Online Medical Books
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Chronic renal failure:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Diagnosis of chronic renal failure is based on clinical assessment, a history of chronic progressive debilitation, and gradual deterioration of renal function as determined by creatinine clearance tests. The following laboratory findings also aid in diagnosis:
❑ Blood studies show elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and potassium levels; decreased arterial pH and bicarbonate; and low hemoglobin (Hb) level and hematocrit (HCT).
❑ Urine specific gravity becomes fixed at 1.010; urinalysis may show proteinuria, glycosuria, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and casts, depending on the etiology.
❑ X-ray studies include kidney-ureter-bladder films, excretory urography, nephrotomography, renal scan, and renal arteriography.
❑ Renal or abdominal computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound indicate changes associated with chronic renal failure, including abnormally small size in both kidneys.
❑ Kidney biopsy allows histologic identification of the underlying pathology.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Renal failure, acute:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
The patient’s history may include a disorder that can cause renal failure. Blood test results indicating intrinsic acute renal failure include elevated urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium levels; low bicarbonate and hemoglobin (Hb) levels; and low pH and hematocrit (HCT).
Urine specimens show casts, cellular debris, decreased specific gravity and, in glomerular diseases, proteinuria and urine osmolality close to serum osmolality. The urine sodium level is less than 20 mEq/L if oliguria results from decreased perfusion and more than 40 mEq/L if it results from an intrinsic problem.
Other studies include renal ultrasonography, kidney-ureter-bladder radiography, cautious use of excretory urography, renal scan, retrograde pyelography, and nephrotomography.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Renal failure, chronic:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
Clinical assessment, a history of chronic progressive debilitation, and gradual deterioration of renal function as determined by creatinine clearance tests lead to a diagnosis of chronic renal failure.
The following laboratory findings also aid in diagnosis:
❑ Blood studies show elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium levels; decreased arterial pH and bicarbonate levels; and low hemoglobin (Hb) levels and hematocrit (HCT).
❑ Urine specific gravity becomes fixed at 1.010; urinalysis may show proteinuria, glycosuria, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and casts, depending on the cause.
❑ Renal or abdominal X-ray, abdominal computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography shows reduced kidney size.
❑ X-ray studies include kidney-ureter-bladder radiography, excretory urography, nephrotomography, renal scan, and renal arteriography.
❑ Kidney biopsy allows histologic identification of underlying pathology.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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