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Is there abdominal pain? The presence of abdominal pain with hematuria should first suggest renal calculus, but other causes, such as renal embolism, renal contusion, or laceration, must be considered.
Is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Hematuria is the intermittent or persistent excretion of red or brown urine that can occur with a variety of clinical symptoms. The amount of blood can be grossly evident or microscopic. About 2.5% of the general population has asymptomatic hematuria. It is important to evaluate the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is defined as >5 red blood cells per high-power field in a freshly voided, spun urine specimen. Macroscopic (gross) hematuria is less common, is more likely to be attributed to an identified cause, and is always “pathologic.”... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of the causes of hematuria ( Table 35 ). One need only visualize the urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down to get a differential list. Let us apply the
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Prerenal azotemia
Hypovolemia
Hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal losses
Sweating
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... Pseudohematuria (Dyes and Pigments)
Beets
Food dyes
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Pyridium
Urates
Porphyrins
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... Infection, upper or lower urinary tract
Obstruction
Volume depletion
Drugs, toxins
Congestive heart failure
Hypertension
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... Glomerulopathy, primary renal*
Glomerulopathy associated with systemic disease*
Interstitial disease†
Urinary tract obstruction‡
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... Signs and Symptoms Oliguria, azotemia, anuria, electrolyte imbalances, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, stomatitis, uremic breath, headache, drowsiness, irritability, confusion, neuropathy, seizures, coma, pruritus, pallor, heart failure, edema ... Treatment (Tx)
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... Kidney cancer (also known as nephrocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, and Grawitz's tumor) usually occurs in older adults. Renal pelvic tumors and Wilms' tumor occur primarily in children. Kidney tumors, which usually are large, firm, nodular, encapsulated... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... In medullary sponge kidney, the collecting ducts in the renal pyramids dilate, and cavities, clefts, and cysts form in the medulla. This disease may affect only a single pyramid in one kidney or all pyramids in both kidneys. The kidneys are usually somewhat enlarged but may be of... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder characterized by multiple, bilateral, grapelike clusters of fluid-filled cysts that grossly enlarge the kidneys, compressing and eventually replacing functioning renal tissue. (See Polycystic kidney.... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Chronic renal failure is usually the end result of a gradually progressive loss of renal function; occasionally, it’s the result of a rapidly progressive disease of sudden onset. Few symptoms develop until after more than 75% of glomerular filtration is lost;... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Siegfried Schmidt and Ku-Lang Chang
Hematuria, defined as “blood in the urine,” is encountered frequently in family practice. It can occur as gross (macroscopic) hematuria with obvious reddish discoloration or can be seen... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Urinary tract infection
❑ Nephrolithiasis
❑ Anticoagulation
❑ Long distance running
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Kidney cancer is also known as nephrocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, and Grawitz’s tumor. It usually occurs in older adults, with about 85% of tumors originating in the kidneys and others resulting from metastasis from other primary sites. Renal... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... An inherited disorder, polycystic kidney disease is characterized by multiple, bilateral, grapelike clusters of fluid-filled cysts that grossly enlarge the kidneys, compressing and eventually replacing functioning renal tissue. This disease appears in two... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Obstruction, reduced circulation, and renal parenchymatous disease can all cause sudden interruption of kidney function. Acute renal failure is usually reversible with medical treatment; otherwise, it may progress to end-stage renal disease, uremic syndrome, and death. ... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Although chronic renal failure is usually the result of a gradually progressive loss of renal function, it occasionally results from a rapidly progressive disease of sudden onset. Few symptoms develop until after more than 75% of glomerular filtration is lost; then... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas macroscopic hematuria is immediately visible. However, macroscopic hematuria must be... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Hematuria—presenceof blood in urine—can be microscopic (urine is not discolored) orgross (urine has red or brown discoloration). >5 red cells per high-powerfield in centrifuged urinary sediment is considered abnormal. Hematuria can occur with or... Principal Causes of Hematuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of
the causes of hematuria (Table 35). One need only visualize the
urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down to get a differential
list. Let us apply the mnemonic ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
How your kidney stones are treated will depend on the size, location and type of stone you have. Our panel of experts will discuss the different...
Ice cream, beaches, and.... kidney stones? It's a little known fact, but kidney stones are much more common in the summer. Why is this the case?...
Not all kidney stones are alike. Learn about the different types, and how each kind of stone brings its own specific problems.
Kidney stones, as the name implies, can lodge themselves in the kidney or along the urinary tract, causing extreme pain. What are they and how can...