Here are chapters about Kidney failure from the online medical books listed above:
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What is the BUN/creatinine ratio? If this ratio is 20:1 or greater, one should look for pre-renal azotemia. Confirmation with a serum and urine osmolality will be helpful. If this ratio is 10:1 or less, one should look for renal disease or ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... In developing a list of possible causes of uremia, the first thing is to divide them into the three categories: prerenal causes, renal causes, and postrenal causes.
UREMIA (SYSTEMIC CAUSES)
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... Infection, upper or lower urinary tract
Obstruction
Volume depletion
Drugs, toxins
Congestive heart failure
Hypertension
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... Prerenal azotemia
Hypovolemia
Hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal losses
Sweating
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... Glomerulopathy, primary renal*
Glomerulopathy associated with systemic disease*
Interstitial disease†
Urinary tract obstruction‡
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... Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder characterized by multiple, bilateral, grapelike clusters of fluid-filled cysts that grossly enlarge the kidneys, compressing and eventually replacing functioning renal tissue. (See Polycystic kidney.) The disease... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Signs and Symptoms Oliguria, azotemia, anuria, electrolyte imbalances, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, stomatitis, uremic breath, headache, drowsiness, irritability, confusion, neuropathy, seizures, coma, pruritus, pallor, heart failure, edema ... Treatment (Tx)
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... Chronic renal failure is usually the end result of a gradually progressive loss of renal function; occasionally, it’s the result of a rapidly progressive disease of sudden onset. Few symptoms develop until after more than 75% of glomerular... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... An inherited disorder, polycystic kidney disease is characterized by multiple, bilateral, grapelike clusters of fluid-filled cysts that grossly enlarge the kidneys, compressing and eventually replacing functioning renal tissue. This disease appears in two distinct... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Obstruction, reduced circulation, and renal parenchymatous disease can all cause sudden interruption of kidney function. Acute renal failure is usually reversible with medical treatment; otherwise, it may progress to end-stage renal disease, uremic syndrome, and death. ... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Although chronic renal failure is usually the result of a gradually progressive loss of renal function, it occasionally results from a rapidly progressive disease of sudden onset. Few symptoms develop until after more than 75% of glomerular filtration is lost; then, the... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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