Diagnosis of Kidney failure
Diagnostic Test list for Kidney failure:
The list of medical tests
mentioned in various sources as
used in the diagnosis of Kidney failure
includes:
Diagnosis of Kidney failure: medical news summaries:
The following medical news items
are relevant to diagnosis and misdiagnosis issues for Kidney failure:
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney failure: Online Medical Books
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for more information about diagnostis of Kidney failure.
UREMIA:
Ask the Following Questions:
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
- What is the BUN/creatinine ratio? If this ratio is 20:1 or greater, one should look for pre-renal azotemia. Confirmation with a serum and urine osmolality will be helpful. If this ratio is 10:1 or less, one should look for renal disease or obstructive uropathy.
- Is the bladder enlarged, or is there significant residual urine? These findings point to obstructive uropathy, particularly bladder neck obstruction. If these findings are absent, the cause of the uremia is most likely renal disease in cases in which the BUN/creatinine ratio is 10:1 or less.
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
This should include a CBC, urinalysis, urine culture and colony count, serum and urine osmolality, chemistry panel, sedimentation rate, arterial blood gas analysis, blood volume, cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography, a nephrology consult, and a urology consult. Additional studies include abdominal CT scans, ultrasonography, and a renal biopsy.
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Source: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, 2003
Polycystic kidney disease:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
A family history and a physical examination revealing large bilateral, irregular masses in the flanks strongly suggest polycystic kidney disease. In advanced stages, grossly enlarged and palpable kidneys make the diagnosis obvious. In patients with these findings, the following laboratory results are typical:
❑ Excretory urography reveals enlarged kidneys, with elongation of pelvis, flattening of the calyces, and indentations caused by cysts. Excretory urography of the neonate shows poor excretion of contrast medium.
❑ Ultrasound and computed tomography scan show kidney enlargement and the presence of cysts; tomography demonstrates multiple areas of cystic damage. Ultrasonography is the preferred imaging technique because it’s less expensive, doesn’t require contrast or radiation exposure, and is easily and safely performed on children and pregnant females.
❑ Urinalysis and creatinine clearance tests are nonspecific tests that evaluate renal function and reveal urine protein or blood in the urine.
Diagnosis must rule out the presence of renal tumors.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Chronic renal failure:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Diagnosis of chronic renal failure is based on clinical assessment, a history of chronic progressive debilitation, and gradual deterioration of renal function as determined by creatinine clearance tests. The following laboratory findings also aid in diagnosis:
❑ Blood studies show elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and potassium levels; decreased arterial pH and bicarbonate; and low hemoglobin (Hb) level and hematocrit (HCT).
❑ Urine specific gravity becomes fixed at 1.010; urinalysis may show proteinuria, glycosuria, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and casts, depending on the etiology.
❑ X-ray studies include kidney-ureter-bladder films, excretory urography, nephrotomography, renal scan, and renal arteriography.
❑ Renal or abdominal computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound indicate changes associated with chronic renal failure, including abnormally small size in both kidneys.
❑ Kidney biopsy allows histologic identification of the underlying pathology.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Polycystic kidney disease:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
A family history and a physical examination revealing large bilateral, irregular masses in the flanks strongly suggest polycystic kidney disease. In advanced stages, grossly enlarged and palpable kidneys make the diagnosis obvious. (See Visualizing the polycystic kidney.) In patients with these findings, the following laboratory results are typical:
❑ Excretory urography or retrograde ureteropyelography reveals enlarged kidneys, with elongation of the renal pelvis, flattening of the calyces, and indentations caused by cysts. Excretory urography of the neonate shows poor excretion of contrast medium.
❑ Ultrasonography, tomography, and radioisotope scans show kidney enlargement and cysts. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging show multiple areas of cystic damage.
❑ Urinalysis and creatinine clearance tests (nonspecific tests that evaluate renal function) indicate abnormalities.
CLINICAL TIP: Diagnosis must rule out the presence of renal tumors.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Renal failure, acute:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
The patient’s history may include a disorder that can cause renal failure. Blood test results indicating intrinsic acute renal failure include elevated urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium levels; low bicarbonate and hemoglobin (Hb) levels; and low pH and hematocrit (HCT).
Urine specimens show casts, cellular debris, decreased specific gravity and, in glomerular diseases, proteinuria and urine osmolality close to serum osmolality. The urine sodium level is less than 20 mEq/L if oliguria results from decreased perfusion and more than 40 mEq/L if it results from an intrinsic problem.
Other studies include renal ultrasonography, kidney-ureter-bladder radiography, cautious use of excretory urography, renal scan, retrograde pyelography, and nephrotomography.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Renal failure, chronic:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
Clinical assessment, a history of chronic progressive debilitation, and gradual deterioration of renal function as determined by creatinine clearance tests lead to a diagnosis of chronic renal failure.
The following laboratory findings also aid in diagnosis:
❑ Blood studies show elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium levels; decreased arterial pH and bicarbonate levels; and low hemoglobin (Hb) levels and hematocrit (HCT).
❑ Urine specific gravity becomes fixed at 1.010; urinalysis may show proteinuria, glycosuria, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and casts, depending on the cause.
❑ Renal or abdominal X-ray, abdominal computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography shows reduced kidney size.
❑ X-ray studies include kidney-ureter-bladder radiography, excretory urography, nephrotomography, renal scan, and renal arteriography.
❑ Kidney biopsy allows histologic identification of underlying pathology.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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