Prevalence and Incidence of Lymphogranuloma venereum
Lymphogranuloma venereum Prevalence: Book Excerpts
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Prevalence/Incidence of Lymphogranuloma venereum: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Lymphogranuloma venereum.
Chlamydial infections:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Transmission of C. trachomatis primarily follows vaginal or rectal intercourse or orogenital contact with an infected person. Because symptoms of chlamydial infections commonly appear late in the disease’s course, sexual transmission of the organism typically occurs unknowingly. Children born of mothers who have chlamydial infections may contract associated conjunctivitis, otitis media, and pneumonia during passage through the birth canal.
Chlamydial infections are the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States, affecting an estimated four million people in the United States each year.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Chlamydial Infections:
Chlamydial Infections - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- C. trachomatis:
- There are at least 15 serologically distinct variants (serovars).
- C. trachomatis is the most frequent cause of epididymitis in sexually active young men.
- Incubation period: 5–14 days after delivery for conjunctivitis
- The possibility of sexual abuse should be considered in older infants and children with vaginal, urethral, or rectal C. trachomatis.
- C. psittaci (psittacosis/ornithosis):
- Both healthy and sick birds can transmit the bacteria via the airborne route by their excrement or secretions.
- Important sources of human disease are parakeets, parrots, macaws, pigeons, and turkeys.
- Workers in poultry slaughter plants, poultry farms, pet shops, laboratory workers, and pet owners are at high risk.
- Although usually rare in children, it should be considered in any child with environmental exposure who develops an atypical pneumonia. The incubation period is 7–14 days.
- C. pneumoniae: Antigenically, morphologically, and genetically distinct from other chlamydiae
- It is assumed to be transmitted from person to person through aerosolized respiratory secretions.
- C. pneumoniae has recently been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Limited evidence associates C. pneumoniae with asthma and bronchospasm, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Kawasaki disease, HIV and other immune disorders, malignancy, otitis media, and episodes of acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease.
- Coinfection with other respiratory pathogens, especially M. pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, is frequent.
- Incubation period: ~21 days
Chlamydial Infections - incidence
C. trachomatis:
- This is the most common reportable sexually transmitted infection in the US. The number of new infections exceeds 4 million annually.
- Rates of infection in adolescent girls are 15–20%.
- 23–55% of all cases of nongonococcal urethritis in men are caused by C. trachomatis. Up to 50% of men with gonorrhea may be coinfected with C. trachomatis.
- C. trachomatis pneumonia usually develops in infected infants <2 months of age (2 weeks to 5 months). The contagiousness of pulmonary disease is unknown, but is considered low.
- Half of the neonates born to infected mothers via vaginal delivery will acquire C. trachomatis. Conjunctivitis may develop in 30–50%. Pneumonia may develop in up to 30% of infants with nasopharyngeal infection.
- Ocular trachoma caused by serovars A, B, Ba, and C is the most common cause of preventable blindness in the world, but is rare in the US.
Chlamydial Infections - prevalence
C. pneumoniae:
- Increased prevalence rates of C. pneumoniae specific antibody have been documented in school-age children, reaching 30–45% in adolescents.
- Studies of CAPs in children have found C. pneumoniae in 6–19% of cases. Evidence of lower respiratory tract infection has been found in 0–18% of the pediatric population.
- Most infections are mild or asymptomatic. Acute infection does not appear to vary by season. A carriage state has been detected in 2–5% of patients. Recurrent infection is common, especially in adults.
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Lymphogranuloma venereum usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Lymphogranuloma venereum at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Lymphogranuloma venereum refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Lymphogranuloma venereum diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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