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Treat mild to moderate hyperthermia by providing a cool, restful environment. Replace oral or I.V. fluid and electrolyte losses. If the patient is experiencing heatstroke, apply cool water to the skin and fan the patient. Apply a hyperthermia blanket or ice packs to the groin and axilla. Expect treatment to continue until the patient’s body temperature drops to 102.2° F (39° C). Vital signs will require continuous monitoring, especially the core body temperature. Follow measures to avoid shivering. Employ additional external cooling measures, such as cool, wet sheets and tepid baths. Monitor hemodynamic parameters, fluid and electrolyte balance and laboratory and diagnostic studies. Monitor blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels and assess for signs and symptoms associated with rhabdomyolysis.
ALERT: Don’t reduce the patient’s temperature too rapidly, as too rapid a reduction can lead to vasoconstriction, which can cause shivering.
Caution the patient to reduce activity, especially outdoor activity, in the hot, humid weather. Advise him to wear light-colored, lightweight, loose-fitting clothing as well as a hat and sunglasses during hot weather. Instruct the patient to drink sufficient fluids, especially water, in hot weather and after vigorous physical activity. Warn him to avoid caffeine and alcohol in hot weather. Advise the patient to use air conditioning or to open windows and use a fan to help circulate air indoors.
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
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