Causes of Masculinisation
List of causes of Masculinisation
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions
(see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Masculinisation)
that could possibly cause Masculinisation includes:
Masculinisation Causes: Book Excerpts
Masculinisation as a symptom:
Conditions listing Masculinisation
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Masculinisation.
Our database lists the following as having
Masculinisation as a symptom of that condition:
Medications or substances causing Masculinisation:
The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible
causes of Masculinisation as a symptom.
This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances
may cause your symptoms.
Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using,
including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.
Read more about medication causes of Masculinisation
What causes Masculinisation?
Causes: Masculinisation:
Excessive male hormones (androgens) usually over-produced due to conditions in the ovaries or adrenal glands; sometimes by reduced female hormones such as in menopause.
Related information on causes of Masculinisation:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Masculinisation may be found in:
Causes of Masculinisation: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Masculinisation.
Hirsutism:
Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Drug-induced
–Cyclosporin, steroids, oral contraceptives, Dilantin, some diuretics (acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide), Minoxidil, penicillamines
-
Syndrome-associated
–Cornelia de Lange syndrome
–Trisomy 18
–Hurler syndrome
–Bloom syndrome
–Seckel syndrome
–Marshall-Smith syndrome
–Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
–Leprechaunism
-
Ovarian
–PCOS
–Gonadal dysgenesis
–Ovarian tumors
-
Adrenal
–CAH
–Cushing syndrome
–17α-hydroxylase deficiency
–21-hydroxylase deficiency
–Adrenal tumor
-
Other causes
–Idiopathic
–5 α-reductase deficiency
–Hyperprolactinemia
–HAIR-AN syndrome (hirsutism,
androgenization, insulin resistance, and
acanthosis nigricans)
–Achard-Thiers syndrome: Obesity and facial hirsutism develop by 15–30 years of age; hypertension and obesity occur later
–Porphyria: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria have increased body hair, red urine, photosensitivity with bullae, and red to pink teeth (werewolves of old)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Hirsutism:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Idiopathic hirsutism probably stems from a hereditary trait because the patient usually has a family history of the disorder. Causes of secondary hirsutism include endocrine abnormalities related to pituitary dysfunction (acromegaly or precocious puberty), adrenal dysfunction (Cushing’s disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or Cushing’s syndrome), or ovarian lesions (such as polycystic ovary syndrome or ovarian neoplasm); prolactinoma; and iatrogenic factors (such as the use of minoxidil, androgenic steroids, testosterone, diazoxide, glucocorticoids, and hormonal contraceptives). Other kinds of hirsutism have been reported. (See Hypertrichosis.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Hirsutism:
Medical causes
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Acromegaly
About 15% of patients with this chronic, progressive disorder display hirsutism. Acromegaly also causes enlarged hands and feet, coarsened facial features, prognathism, increased diaphoresis and need for sleep, oily skin, fatigue, weight gain, heat intolerance, and lethargy.
Adrenocortical carcinoma
This disorder produces rapidly progressive hirsutism along with truncal obesity, buffalo hump, moon face, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, muscle wasting, and thin skin with purple striae. The patient also exhibits muscle weakness, excessive diaphoresis, poor wound healing, weakness, fatigue, hypertension, hyperpigmentation, and personality changes.
Androgen overproduction by ovaries
The most common cause of hirsutism, this condition is associated with anovulation that progresses slowly over several years.
Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism)
This disorder commonly causes increased hair growth on the face, abdomen, breasts, chest, or upper thighs. Other findings include truncal obesity, buffalo hump, moon face, thin skin with purple striae, ecchymosis, petechiae, muscle wasting and weakness, poor wound healing, hypertension, weakness, fatigue, excessive diaphoresis, hyperpigmentation, menstrual irregularities, and personality changes.
Hyperprolactinemia
This disorder produces hirsutism, hypogonadism, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and acne.
Idiopathic hirsutism
In patients with normal-sized ovaries, normal menses, and no evidence of adrenal hyperplasia or adrenal or ovarian tumors, excess hair appears at puberty and increases into early adulthood. It’s accompanied by acne, obesity, infrequent menses or anovulation, and thick, oily skin. Idiopathic hirsutism with regular ovulation and no menstrual abnormalities may be hereditary or related to certain ethnic groups who are hypersensitive to androgens.
Ovarian tumor
An ovarian tumor may produce no symptoms, or it can cause rapidly progressing hirsutism (only if the tumor produces androgens) as well as amenorrhea and rapidly developing virilization.
Polycystic ovary disease
Ovarian cysts, particularly chronic ones, can cause hirsutism. This hirsutism usually occurs after the onset of menstrual irregularities, which may begin at puberty. The patient may also be obese and have amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, menometrorrhagia, infertility, insulin resistance and diabetes, and acne.
Other causes
Drugs
Hirsutism can result from drugs containing androgens or progestins or from aminoglutethimide, glucocorticoids, metoclopramide, cyclosporine, and minoxidil.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Alopecia/Hirsutism:
Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)
Alopecia
❑ Androgenetic
❑ Telogen effluvium
❑ Drugs/hair loss
❑ Anagen effluvium
❑ Alopecia areata
❑ Tinea capitis
❑ Traction
❑ Hypothyroidism
❑ Seborrheic dermatitis
❑ Discoid lupus
❑ Systemic lupus erythematosus
❑ Lichen planus
❑ Scleroderma
❑ Dietary deficiency
❑ Trichotillomania
❑ Syphilis
Hirsutism
❑ Idiopathic hirsutism
❑ Drugs/hair growth
❑ Hypertrichosis
❑ Hyperprolactinemia
❑ Polycystic ovary syndrome
❑ Cushing syndrome
❑ Adrenal tumor
❑ Ovarian tumor
❑ Ovarian hyperthecosis
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007
Hirsutism:
Medical causes
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Acromegaly
About 15% of patients with acromegaly (a chronic, progressive disorder) display hirsutism. Acromegaly also causes enlarged hands and feet, coarsened facial features, prognathism, increased diaphoresis and need for sleep, oily skin, fatigue, weight gain, heat intolerance, and lethargy.
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma produces rapidly progressive hirsutism along with truncal obesity, buffalo hump, moon face, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, muscle wasting, and thin skin with purple striae. The patient also exhibits muscle weakness, excessive diaphoresis, poor wound healing, weakness, fatigue, hypertension, hyperpigmentation, and personality changes.
Androgen overproduction by ovaries
The most common cause of hirsutism, androgen overproduction is associated with anovulation that progresses slowly over several years. Other signs of virilization may also become apparent, such as deepening of the voice, acne, and clitoral enlargement.
Cushing’s syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome commonly causes increased hair growth on the face, abdomen, breasts, chest, or upper thighs. Other findings include truncal obesity, buffalo hump, moon face, thin skin, purple striae, ecchymoses, petechiae, muscle wasting and weakness, poor wound healing, hypertension, weakness, fatigue, excessive diaphoresis, hyperpigmentation, menstrual irregularities, and personality changes.
Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia produces hirsutism, hypogonadism, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and acne. The patient may also have a history of infertility. If a pituitary tumor is the cause of elevated prolactin levels, visual field defects may also be present.
Idiopathic hirsutism
In patients with normal-sized ovaries, normal menses, and no evidence of adrenal hyperplasia or adrenal or ovarian tumors, excess hair appears at puberty and increases into early adulthood. It’s accompanied by acne, obesity, infrequent menses or anovulation, and thick, oily skin. Idiopathic hirsutism with regular ovulation and no menstrual abnormalities may be hereditary or related to certain ethnic groups who are hypersensitive to androgens.
Ovarian tumor
An ovarian tumor can cause rapidly progressing hirsutism — but only if the tumor produces androgens. Amenorrhea and rapidly developing virilization are additional findings. However, some ovarian tumors produce no symptoms.
Polycystic ovary disease
Ovarian cysts, particularly chronic ones, can cause hirsutism. This hirsutism usually occurs after the onset of menstrual irregularities, which may begin at puberty. The patient may also be obese and have amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, menometrorrhagia, infertility, and acne.
Other causes
Drugs
Hirsutism can result from drugs containing androgens or progestins or from aminoglutethimide, glucocorticoids, metoclopramide, cyclosporine, and minoxidil.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
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