Treatments for Meniscus injury
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The following are some of the latest treatments for Meniscus injury:
Discussion of treatments for Meniscus injury:
Questions and Answers About Knee Problems: NIAMS (Excerpt)
If the tear is minor and the pain and other symptoms go
away, the doctor may recommend a muscle-strengthening program. Exercises
for meniscal problems are best started with guidance from a doctor and
physical therapist or exercise therapist. The therapist will make sure
that the patient does the exercises properly and without risking new or
repeat injury. The following exercises after injury to the meniscus are
designed to build up the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and increase
flexibility and strength.
- Warming up the joint by riding a stationary bicycle, then
straightening and raising the leg (but not straightening it too
much).
- Extending the leg while sitting (a weight may be worn on the ankle
for this exercise).
- Raising the leg while lying on the stomach.
- Exercising in a pool (walking as fast as possible in chest-deep
water, performing small flutter kicks while holding onto the side of
the pool, and raising each leg to 90 degrees in chest-deep water while
pressing the back against the side of the pool).
If the tear is more extensive, the doctor may perform
arthroscopic or open surgery to see the extent of injury and to repair
the tear. The doctor can sew the meniscus back in place if the patient
is relatively young, if the injury is in an area with a good blood
supply, and if the ligaments are intact. Most young athletes are able to
return to active sports after meniscus repair.
If the patient is elderly or the tear is in an area with a
poor blood supply, the doctor may cut off a small portion of the
meniscus to even the surface. In some cases, the doctor removes the
entire meniscus. However, osteoarthritis is more likely to develop in
the knee if the meniscus is removed.
(Source: excerpt from Questions and Answers About Knee Problems: NIAMS)
Questions and Answers About Knee Problems: NIAMS (Excerpt)
Recovery after surgical repair takes several weeks, and
postoperative activity is slightly more restricted than when the
meniscus is removed. Nevertheless, putting weight on the joint actually
fosters recovery. Regardless of the form of surgery, rehabilitation
usually includes walking, bending the legs, and doing exercises that
stretch and build up leg muscles. The best results of treatment for
meniscal injury are obtained in people who do not show articular
cartilage changes and who have an intact ACL.
(Source: excerpt from Questions and Answers About Knee Problems: NIAMS)
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Meniscus injury
Treatments of Meniscus injury: Online Medical Books
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Low Back Pain/Swelling:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
In absence of red flag symptoms, return to activity as soon as possible; rest has not been shown to improve recovery
-
Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, opioids, and/or muscle relaxants for pain; epidural corticosteroid injections may be indicated for resistant pain
-
Patient education (weight loss, exercise, proper back biomechanics and ergonomics)
-
Physical therapy, including pain relief modalities (ice, heat, ultrasound), stretching, strengthening, aerobic conditioning, and relaxation therapy
-
Surgery may be indicated for refractory disease, large neurologic deficits, unbearable pain, or significant limitations
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» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Back Pain:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Muscular strain: Muscle relaxants, NSAIDs, rest, and reduction of exacerbating activities
-
-
-
Disk herniation: Physical therapy, surgery is rarely indicated in children and adolescents
-
Spondyloarthropathy: NSAIDs, exercise
-
Scoliosis: Conservative management with observation, NSAIDs, bracing or surgery if more severe
-
Gynocologic etiologies
–Menstrual cramps: NSAIDs, OCPs for severe cases
–PID: Appropriate cultures, treatment with antibiotics
–Endometriosis: hormonal therapy such as OCPs may
be effective, surgical ablation is rarely required
-
UTI: Antibiotics
-
Urolithiasis: Pain management followed by high fluid intake
-
Infection: Diskitis requires 4–6 weeks of IV antibiotics
-
-
-
Tumors: Referral to oncologist
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Back pain:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If the patient reports acute, severe back pain, quickly take his vital signs, and then perform a rapid evaluation to rule out life-threatening causes. Ask him when the pain began. Can he relate it to any causes? For example, did the pain occur after eating? After falling on the ice? Have the patient describe the pain. Is it burning, stabbing, throbbing, or aching? Is it constant or intermittent? Does it radiate to the buttocks or legs? Does he have leg weakness? Does the pain seem to originate in the abdomen and radiate to the back? Has he had a pain like this before? What makes it better or worse? Is it affected by activity or rest? Is it worse in the morning or evening? Does it wake him up? Typically, visceral-referred back pain is unaffected by activity and rest. In contrast, spondylogenic-referred back pain worsens with activity and improves with rest. Pain of neoplastic origin is usually relieved by walking and worsens at night.
If the patient describes deep lumbar pain unaffected by activity, palpate for a pulsating epigastric mass. If this sign is present, suspect a dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm. Withhold food and fluid in anticipation of emergency surgery. Prepare for I.V. fluid replacement and oxygen administration. Monitor the patient's vital signs and peripheral pulses closely.
If the patient describes severe epigastric pain that radiates through the abdomen to the back, assess him for absent bowel sounds and for abdominal rigidity and tenderness. If these occur, suspect a perforated ulcer or acute pancreatitis. Start an I.V. for fluids and drugs, administer oxygen, and insert a nasogastric tube while withholding food.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Back pain:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient reports acute, severe back pain, quickly take his vital signs; then perform a rapid evaluation to rule out life-threatening causes. Ask him when the pain began. Can he relate it to any causes? For example, did the pain occur after eating? After falling on the ice? Have the patient describe the pain. Is it burning, stabbing, throbbing, or aching? Is it constant or intermittent? Does it radiate to the buttocks or legs? Does he have leg weakness? Does the pain seem to originate in the abdomen and radiate to the back? Has he had a pain like this before? What makes it better or worse? Is it affected by activity or rest? Is it worse in the morning or evening? Does it wake him up? Typically, visceral-referred back pain is unaffected by activity and rest. In contrast, spondylogenic-referred back pain worsens with activity and improves with rest. Pain of neoplastic origin is usually relieved by walking and worsens at night.
If the patient describes deep lumbar pain unaffected by activity, palpate for a pulsating epigastric mass. If this sign is present, suspect dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm. Withhold food and fluid in anticipation of emergency surgery. Prepare for I.V. fluid replacement and oxygen administration.
If the patient describes severe epigastric pain that radiates through the abdomen to the back, assess him for absent bowel sounds and for abdominal rigidity and tenderness. If these occur, suspect a perforated ulcer or acute pancreatitis. Start an I.V. line for fluids and drugs, administer oxygen, and insert a nasogastric tube while withholding food.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Back pain:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Monitor the patient closely if the type and location of back pain suggest a life-threatening cause. Stay alert for increasing pain, altered neurovascular status in the legs, loss of bowel or bladder control, altered vital signs, sweating, and cyanosis.
Until a tentative diagnosis is made, withhold analgesics to avoid masking symptoms. Withhold food and fluids until it’s determined whether the patient requires surgery. Once a medical emergency is ruled out, make him as comfortable as possible by elevating the head of the bed, placing a pillow under his knees, and administering pain medications. Prepare the patient for a rectal or pelvic examination, routine blood tests, urinalysis, computed tomography scan, biopsies, and X-rays of the chest, abdomen, and spine.
Fit the patient for a corset or lumbosacral support. Refer him to a physical therapist, occupational therapist, massage therapist, or psychologist, as indicated.
Patient teaching
Explain all tests and procedures. Instruct the patient not to wear a lumbosacral support in bed. Describe such pain-relief measures as cold therapy, warm baths, mattress choices, and backboards. Instruct the patient and his family about relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, biofeedback, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
If the patient has chronic back pain, reinforce instructions about bed rest, analgesics, anti-inflammatory medications, and exercise. (See Exercises for chronic low back pain, page 41.) Help him recognize the need to make lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or correcting poor posture. Advise the patient with acute back pain secondary to a musculoskeletal problem to continue his daily activities as tolerated rather than staying on total bed rest.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Back pain:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If the patient has chronic back pain, reinforce instructions about bed rest, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and exercise. Also, suggest that he take daily warm baths to help relieve pain. Help the patient recognize the need to make necessary lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or correcting poor posture. Advise patients with acute back pain secondary to a musculoskeletal problem to continue their daily activities as tolerated, rather than staying on total bed rest.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Back pain:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Monitor the patient closely if the back pain suggests a life-threatening cause.
▪ Be alert for increasing pain, altered neurovascular status in the legs, loss of bowel or bladder control, altered vital signs, sweating, and cyanosis.
▪ Withhold food and fluids in case surgery is necessary.
▪ Administer analgesics, as ordered, and evaluate their effect.
▪ Make the patient as comfortable as possible by elevating the head of the bed and placing a pillow under his knees.
▪ Encourage relaxation techniques such as deep breathing.
▪ Anticipate diagnostic testing, such as routine blood tests, urinalysis, a computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, appropriate biopsies, and X-rays of the chest, abdomen, and spine.
▪ Fit the patient for a corset or lumbosacral support.
▪ Provide heat or cold therapy, a backboard, a convoluted foam mattress, or pelvic traction, as ordered.
▪ Refer the patient to other professionals, such as a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, or a psychologist, if indicated.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain pain-relief measures to the patient.
▪ Teach him about alternatives to analgesic drug therapy, such as biofeedback and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
▪ Provide information about use of anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics.
▪ Discuss lifestyle changes, such as weight loss or correcting posture.
▪ Teach relaxation techniques such as deep breathing.
▪ Instruct the patient on correct use of corset or lumbosacral support.
▪ Explain diagnostic tests and procedures.
▪ Teach the patient about the cause of his back pain and the treatment plan.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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