Causes of Metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorders Causes: Book Excerpts
Metabolic disorders as a symptom:
Conditions listing Metabolic disorders
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Metabolic disorders.
Our database lists the following as having
Metabolic disorders as a symptom of that condition:
Medical news summaries relating to Metabolic disorders:
The following medical news items are relevant to causes of Metabolic disorders:
Related information on causes of Metabolic disorders:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Metabolic disorders may be found in:
Causes of Metabolic disorders: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Metabolic disorders.
Metabolic Acidosis:
Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Increased anion gap (AG) metabolic acidosis, due to production of exogenous acid “MUDPILES”
-
Methanol
-
Uremia
-
DKA
-
Paraldehyde
-
Ingestions/inborn errors of metabolism
-
Lactic acidosis
-
Ethylene glycol
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Salicylates
- Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, due to bicarbonate loss in the GI tract or kidneys or impaired acid secretion by the kidney
–Diarrhea, other GI losses (very common)
–Type I (distal) renal tubular acidosis (RTA): Inability to excrete hydrogen ion, urine pH always high (>6.5), caused by a variety of medications, inherited forms, or renal insufficiency; often associated with low potassium and hypercalciuria
–Type II (proximal) RTA: Impaired reabsorption of bicarbonate from the proximal tubule, usually associated with other evidence of proximal tubule dysfunction (Fanconi syndrome), such as phosphaturia or glycosuria
–Type IV (hyperkalemic) RTA: Inadequate aldosterone production or inability to respond appropriately to aldosterone; commonly seen in patients with a history of obstructive uropathy or as a transient occurrence in patients with acute pyelonephritis
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Metabolic acidosis:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Metabolic acidosis usually results from excessive fat burning in the absence of usable carbohydrates. This can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, or a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet — all of which produce more keto acids than the metabolic process can handle. Other causes include:
❑ anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism: a decrease in tissue oxygenation or perfusion (as occurs with pump failure after myocardial infarction, or with pulmonary or hepatic disease, shock, or anemia) forces a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, causing a corresponding rise in lactic acid level
❑ renal insufficiency and failure (renal acidosis): underexcretion of metabolized acids or inability to conserve base
❑ diarrhea and intestinal malabsorption: loss of sodium bicarbonate from the intestines, causing the bicarbonate buffer system to shift to the acidic side. For example, ureteroenterostomy and Crohn’s disease can also induce metabolic acidosis.
Less frequently, metabolic acidosis results from salicylate intoxication (overuse of aspirin), exogenous poisoning, or Addison’s disease with an increased excretion of sodium and chloride, and retention of potassium ions.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Metabolic alkalosis:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Metabolic alkalosis results from loss of acid, retention of base, or renal mechanisms associated with decreased serum levels of potassium and chloride.
Causes of critical acid loss include vomiting, nasogastric (NG) tube drainage or lavage without adequate electrolyte replacement, fistulas, and the use of steroids and certain diuretics (furosemide, thiazides, and ethacrynic acid). Hyperadrenocorticism is another cause of severe acid loss. Cushing’s disease, primary hyperaldosteronism, and Bartter’s syndrome, for example, all lead to retention of sodium and chloride, and urinary loss of potassium and hydrogen.
Excessive base retention can result from excessive intake of bicarbonate of soda or other antacids (usually for treatment of gastritis or peptic ulcer), excessive intake of absorbable alkali (as in milk-alkali syndrome, often seen in patients with peptic ulcers), administration of excessive amounts of I.V. fluids with high concentrations of bicarbonate or lactate, or respiratory insufficiency — all of which cause chronic hypercapnia from high levels of plasma bicarbonate.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Metabolic syndrome:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Abdominal obesity is a strong predictor of metabolic syndrome because intra-abdominal fat tends to be more resistant to insulin than fat in other areas. This increases the release of free fatty acid into the portal system, leading to increased apolipoprotein B, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and increased triglycerides. As a result, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor because a hallmark for metabolic syndrome is a fasting glucose level greater than 110 mg/dl. People with diabetes develop atherosclerotic heart disease at a younger age than other people. They’re also at increased risk of macrovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease). Diabetes is a coronary heart disease risk equivalent.
Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are also risk factors because insulin resistance leads to hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, damaged endothelium, and cardiovascular disease. Insulin is also responsible for reducing the amount of free fatty acids in the liver. However, people with insulin resistance have an increased amount of free fatty acids reaching the liver, resulting in high triglycerides and LDLs and producing an abnormal endothelium and atherosclerosis.
High blood pressure is a risk factor because the combination of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and abdominal obesity leads to hypertension and its harmful cardiovascular effects. Moreover, insulin resistance promotes salt sensitivity in people with high blood pressure.
Research also indicates that there may be a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Metabolic Syndrome:
Metabolic Syndrome - risk factors
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Obesity
- Family history of cardiovascular disease
- Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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