Treatments for Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 1
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Weight Loss:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Identify and address the underlying cause
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Appetite disturbance of depression may be reversed by antidepressant medications
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Pancreatic enzymes for pancreatic malabsorption
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Referral to nutritionist if necessary
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Referral to social services if necessary
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Anorexia of malignancy and AIDS can be treated with megestrol acetate or dronabinol
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Aggressive treatment of anorexia nervosa, including evaluation for electrolyte and cardiac disorders and consultation with psychiatrist or psychologist
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Weight Loss:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Initial goals are to achieve fluid balance via rehydration and to correct electrolyte disturbances
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Caloric assessment and possible dietary supplementation
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Treat infectious causes if medically indicated
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Psychiatric care
–For eating disorders, depression, drug abuse
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Malabsorption
–May require special formulas/restriction diets
–May require pancreatic enzymes
-
Treat endocrine disturbance
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Anti-inflammatory medications for IBD
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Surgical correction of cardiac anomalies
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Low birth weight:
Emergency Interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Because low birth weight may be associated with poorly developed body systems, particularly the respiratory system, your priority is to monitor the neonate’s respiratory status. Be alert for signs of distress, such as apnea, grunting respirations, intercostal or xiphoid retractions, or a respiratory rate exceeding 60 breaths/minute after the first hour of life. If you detect any of these signs, prepare to provide respiratory support. Endotracheal intubation or supplemental oxygen with an oxygen hood may be needed.
Monitor the neonate’s axillary temperature. Decreased fat reserves may keep him from maintaining normal body temperature, and a drop below 97.8° F (36.5° C) exacerbates respiratory distress by increasing oxygen consumption. To maintain normal body temperature, use an overbed warmer or an Isolette. (If these are unavailable, use a wrapped rubber bottle filled with warm water, but be careful to avoid hyperthermia.) Cover neonate’s head to prevent heat loss.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Low birth weight:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Initiate feedings as soon as possible and continue to feed the neonate every 2 to 3 hours.
▪ Provide gavage or I.V. nutrition for the sick or very premature neonate.
▪ Check abdominal girth daily or more frequently if indicated, and check stools for blood to detect necrotizing enterocolitis.
▪ Prepare for a sepsis workup if signs of infection are associated with low birth weight.
▪ Check the neonate's vital signs every 15 minutes for the first hour and at least once every hour thereafter until his condition stabilizes.
▪ Be alert for changes in temperature or behavior, feeding problems, respiratory distress, or periods of apnea—possible indications of infection.
▪ Monitor blood glucose levels and watch for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as irritability, jitteriness, tremors, seizures, irregular respirations, lethargy, and a high-pitched or weak cry.
▪ If the neonate is receiving supplemental oxygen, carefully monitor arterial blood gas values and the oxygen concentration of inspired air to prevent retinopathy.
▪ Monitor the neonate's urine output by weighing diapers before and after voiding.
▪ Check urine color, measure specific gravity, and test for the presence of glucose, blood, or protein.
▪ Watch for changes in the neonate's skin color because increasing jaundice may indicate hyperbilirubinemia.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain disorder and all procedures and treatments to the parents.
▪ Encourage the parents to participate in their neonate's care to strengthen bonding.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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