Causes of Microcephaly

List of causes of Microcephaly

Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Microcephaly) that could possibly cause Microcephaly includes:

• Various underlying conditions can cause Microcephaly
• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Angelman syndrome - Microcephaly
• Rubella congenital syndrome - Microcephaly
• Infantile Spasms - Microcephaly
• Waardenburg syndrome type 3
• Toxoplasma, congenital
• Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, deletion type
• Smith-McCort dysplasia
• Lison syndrome
• X chromosome, trisomy Xp3 - Microcephaly
• Viljone Kallis Voges syndrome - Microcephaly
• Cantu syndrome
• Progressive encephalopathy-edema-hypsarrhythmia-optic atrophy syndrome
• Incontinentia pigmenti
• Wrinkly skin syndrome
• Neu-Laxova syndrome
• Pseudotoxoplasmosis syndrome
• Chromosome 18 trisomy syndrome
• Velocardiofacial syndrome
• Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
• X chromosome, duplication Xq13 1 q21 1 - Microcephaly
• Willems De vries syndrome - Microcephaly
• Weaver Syndrome - Microcephaly
• Schizencephaly - microcephaly
• Marden-Walker syndrome
• Norman-Roberts syndrome
• Fetal aminopterin-like syndrome
• X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome
• Holoprosencephaly
• Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia
• Winship Viljoen Leary syndrome - Microcephaly
• Malformations in neuronal migration - microcephaly
• Lowry-Wood syndrome
• Fumarase deficiency
• Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
• Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome
• Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2
• CHARGE syndrome
• Zerres Rietschel Majewski syndrome - Microcephaly
• Encephaloceles - microcephaly
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome
• BRESHECK syndrome
• Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome
• X-linked mental retardation craniofacial abnormal microcepahly club - Microcephaly
• X chromosome, trisomy 26-28 - Microcephaly
• Warburton Anyane Yeboa syndrome - Microcephaly
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 1, infantile
• Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome
• Worster-Drought syndrome
• Angelman's syndrome
• Langer-Giedion syndrome
• Cayler cardiofacial syndrome
• GOMBO syndrome
• Feingold syndrome
• Phosphoethanolaminuria
• X chromosome, trisomy Xq - Microcephaly
• Van Maldergem Wetzburger Verloes syndrome - Microcephaly
• Chromosome 14q deletion syndrome - microcephaly
• Leprechaunism
• Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency
• 49,XXXXX syndrome
• Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
• Sutherland-Haan syndrome
• Upton Young syndrome - Microcephaly
• CAMFAK syndrome
• Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome
• Lenz microphthalmia syndrome
• Aicardi Goutieres syndrome
• Chromosome 4 ring syndrome
• Mevalonate kinase deficiency
• Pseudoprogeria syndrome
• Neuronal Migration Disorders - microcephaly
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
• Yunis-Varon syndrome
• Seemanova syndrome 1
• Corpus callosum agenesis type 2
• Hischsprung disease-microcephaly-mental retardation syndrome
• Cri du chat syndrome 5p
• Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome
• Seemanova-Lesny syndrome
• Lathosterolosis
• Meckel-Gruber syndrome
• Alpha thalassaemia X-linked mental retardation syndrome
• X chromosome, trisomy Xpter Xq13 - Microcephaly
• Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome
• Nijmegen chromosome breakage syndrome
• Chromosome 6 ring syndrome
• Cohen syndrome
• Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome
• Fanconi anaemia
• Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome
• Galloway-Mowat syndrome
• X chromosome, trisomy Xq25 - Microcephaly
• Weaver Williams syndrome - Microcephaly
• Seckel's syndrome
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
• Taybi-Linder syndrome
• Cockayne syndrome

More causes: see full list of causes for Microcephaly

Causes of Microcephaly (Diseases Database):

The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Microcephaly that are listed by the Diseases Database:

• Lison syndrome
• Phosphoethanolaminuria
• Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome
• Pseudoprogeria syndrome
• Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia
• Holoprosencephaly
• Mevalonate kinase deficiency
• Sutherland-Haan syndrome
• Chromosome 4 ring syndrome
• Aicardi Goutieres syndrome
• Feingold syndrome
• Galloway-Mowat syndrome
• Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
• Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
• Alpha thalassaemia X-linked mental retardation syndrome
• X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome
• GOMBO syndrome
• BRESHECK syndrome
• Cayler cardiofacial syndrome
• Cockayne syndrome
• Velocardiofacial syndrome
• Meckel-Gruber syndrome
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome
• Langer-Giedion syndrome
• Angelman's syndrome
• Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome
• CHARGE syndrome
• Chromosome 18 trisomy syndrome
• Lathosterolosis
• Seemanova-Lesny syndrome
• Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome
• Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2
• Smith-McCort dysplasia
• 49,XXXXX syndrome
• Taybi-Linder syndrome
• Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome
• Fanconi anaemia
• Pseudotoxoplasmosis syndrome
• Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency
• Neu-Laxova syndrome
• Fetal aminopterin-like syndrome
• Wrinkly skin syndrome
• Cri du chat syndrome 5p−
• Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
• Hischsprung disease-microcephaly-mental retardation syndrome
• Corpus callosum agenesis type 2
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
• Leprechaunism
• Seemanova syndrome 1
• Fumarase deficiency
• Worster-Drought syndrome
• Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, deletion type
• Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome
• Incontinentia pigmenti
• Progressive encephalopathy-edema-hypsarrhythmia-optic atrophy syndrome
• Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome
• Yunis-Varon syndrome
• Seckel's syndrome
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 1, infantile
• Cohen syndrome
• Norman-Roberts syndrome
• Cantu syndrome
• Lowry-Wood syndrome
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
• Lenz microphthalmia syndrome
• Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome
• Chromosome 6 ring syndrome
• Toxoplasma, congenital
• Nijmegen chromosome breakage syndrome
• CAMFAK syndrome
• Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome
• Marden-Walker syndrome
• Waardenburg syndrome type 3

Microcephaly Causes: Book Excerpts

• Differential Diagnosis - Microcephaly
• Principal Causes of Microcephaly - Microcephaly

Microcephaly as a complication of other conditions:

Other conditions that might have Microcephaly as a complication may, potentially, be an underlying cause of Microcephaly. Our database lists the following as having Microcephaly as a complication of that condition:

• Angelman syndrome

Microcephaly as a symptom:

Conditions listing Microcephaly as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Microcephaly. Our database lists the following as having Microcephaly as a symptom of that condition:

• Chromosome 14q deletion syndrome
• Encephaloceles
• Infantile Spasms
• Malformations in neuronal migration
• Neuronal Migration Disorders
• Rubella congenital syndrome
• Schizencephaly
• Upton Young syndrome
• Van Maldergem Wetzburger Verloes syndrome
• Viljone Kallis Voges syndrome
• Warburton Anyane Yeboa syndrome
• Weaver Syndrome
• Weaver Williams syndrome
• Willems De vries syndrome
• Winship Viljoen Leary syndrome
• X chromosome, duplication Xq13 1 q21 1
• X chromosome, trisomy 26-28
• X chromosome, trisomy Xp3
• X chromosome, trisomy Xpter Xq13
• X chromosome, trisomy Xq
• X chromosome, trisomy Xq25
• X-linked mental retardation craniofacial abnormal microcepahly club
• Zerres Rietschel Majewski syndrome

Related information on causes of Microcephaly:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Microcephaly may be found in:

• Hidden causes of Microcephaly

Causes of Microcephaly: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Microcephaly.

Microcephaly: Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

• Benign familial
• Hypoxic ishemic encephalopathy
• Intrauterine infection (TORCH)
• Teratogens
  –Ethanol
  –Cocaine
  –Isotretinoin
  –Phenytoin
• Down syndrome
• Trisomy 13
• Trisomy 18
• Lissencephaly
• Holoprosencephaly
• Anencephaly
• Porencephaly
• Intrauterine stroke
• Malnutrition
  –Typically preceded by decreased weight and height velocities
• Growth hormone deficiency
• Thyroid hormone deficiency
• Panhypopituitary
• Chromosomal deletions
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLO)
• Menkes syndrome (kinky hair disease)
• Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis
• Rett syndrome
  –Normal head circumference at birth
  –Acquired microcephaly after 6 months
• Incontinentia pigmenti
• Alper disease
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher
• Cri-du-chat syndrome
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007

Microcephaly: Principal Causes of Microcephaly
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)

1. Normalvariation
2. Primary microcephaly
   1. Microcephalyvera (genetic)
   2. Chromosomal disorders
   3. Dysmorphic syndromes with normal karyotype
   4. Structural defects in brain development
      1. Disordersof neuronal migration
         1. Polymicrogyria
         2. Lissencephaly
         3. Schizencephaly
      2. Holoprosencephaly
      3. Agenesis of the corpus callosum
      4. Macrogyria
3. Secondary microcephaly
   1. Maternaldisorders and exposures
      1. Maternal phenylketonuria
      2. Drug or poison ingestion
         1. Fetalalcohol syndrome
         2. Fetal hydantoin syndrome
      3. Other ingestions
   2. Malnutrition (fetal and early infancy)
   3. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
   4. Infection
   5. Craniosynostosis

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics, 2006

 » Next page: Symptoms of Microcephaly

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