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Could the murmur be extracardiac in origin? Extracardiac murmurs include the pericardial friction rub and cardiorespiratory murmurs.
Is the murmur continuous? A continuous murmur is most often due to a patent ductus arteriosus ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Diastolic heart murmurs are never normal and should always be further evaluated, in contrast to systolic murmurs, which are commonly benign or due to rapid flow rates. The part of the cardiac cycle that the murmur falls into (e.g. early, middle, or late)... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Systolic heart murmurs, in contrast to diastolic murmurs, may be normal or abnormal, although when coupled with a heave they are always abnormal. The part of the cardiac cycle that the murmur falls into (e.g., early, middle, or late) will help determine the etiology, as will the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if the murmur changes or disappears on position, inspiration, or exercise it is likely to be functional. A
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Systolic
Early systolic
Physiologic (innocent)
Small ventricular septal defect
Large ventricular
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... David E. Anisman and Gerald F. Farnell
A diastolic murmur is a finding that provides a clue to an underlying disease process. Unlike their systolic counterparts (Chapter 7.7), diastolic murmurs almost always indicate underlying heart disease.
... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Dale Bishop
Systolic murmurs can herald significant clinical deterioration and sudden death, or they can represent stable or clinically insignificant conditions. Although technologic advances in cardiac diagnostic testing continue, auscultation remains... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic regurgitation
❑ Pulmonic regurgitation
❑ Mitral stenosis
❑ Tricuspid stenosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Systolic ejection murmur
❑ Mitral regurgitation
❑ Mitral valve prolapse
❑ Aortic stenosis
❑ Aortic... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic stenosis/aortic insufficiency
❑ Pericardial friction rub
❑ Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
❑ Venous hum ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing can be... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality. (See Classifying murmurs.) ... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Normal murmursare due to turbulence of normal blood flow. A normal murmur does not result insymptoms. Cardiovascular exam, chest radiograph, and ECG are normal.Other terms used to signify a normal murmur are benign, insignificant,or... Principal Causes of Heart Murmurs (Asymptomatic) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They're classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing can be characterized as systolic ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine
whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade
systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if the murmur changes or disappears
on position, inspiration, or... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author:
Russell Cross, MD
What to Do - Take Action
Therearemanywaystoclassifymurmursthatcanaidindeterminingwhether
any given one is pathologic. Systolic murmurs should be classified according
to their timing within systole as... Suggested Readings
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