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Was the test used specific for glucose? Glucose oxidase tests (Clinistix, etc.) are specific for glucose, whereas other tests (Benedict's, etc.) are not. Thus, the latter will give false positives for lactose, fructose, galactose ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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What is the free T
4
? If this is elevated, think of hyperthyroidism.
What is the plasma cortisol? If this is elevated, think of Cushing's syndrome.
What is the plasma growth ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Normal fasting glucose is <110 mg/dL, impaired fasting glucose is 111–125 mg/dL, and diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting glucose >126 mg/dL. Several values above normal are indicated before making a diagnosis of impaired fasting>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder of childhood, affecting about 2/1,000 school-age children in the U.S. The absolute or relative lack of insulin results in an abnormal metabolic state, including hyperglycemia. Children with diabetes are at risk for... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The finding of glycosuria should prompt one to consider first the conditions that are associated with faulty regulation of the blood sugar and sugar metabolism. First and foremost on that list is diabetes mellitus. However, the differential must include many other endocrine
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... To form a list of diagnostic possibilities in a case of hyperglycemia, one needs only to think of the endocrine glands. Considering the pancreas should prompt the recall of diabetes mellitus and glucogonomas. Considering the adrenal gland would prompt the recall of Cushing disease
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... Nephrogenic
(see Polyuria)
Central
Gestational diabetes insipidus (vasopressinase production)
Iatrogenic
Surgery (hypophysectomy)
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... Inadequate dietary preparation for glucose tolerance test
Impaired glucose tolerance
Gestational diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (B-cell destruction, usually leading to
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... Diabetes insipidus (also called pituitary diabetes insipidus) is a disorder of water metabolism resulting from a deficiency of circulating vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone [ADH]). It’s characterized by excessive fluid intake... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. A leading cause of death by disease in the United States, this syndrome is a contributing... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Pregnancy places special demands on carbohydrate metabolism and causes the insulin requirement to increase, even in a healthy female. Consequently, pregnancy may lead to a prediabetic state, to the conversion of an asymptomatic subclinical diabetic state to a... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Signs and Symptoms Acetone breath, Kussmaul’s respirations, dehydration, weak and thready pulse, nausea, vomiting, altered level of consciousness, dry mucous membranes, serum glucose level of 300 to 1,500 mg/dl
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... Hereditary fructose intolerance is an inability to metabolize fructose. After fructose is eliminated from the diet, symptoms subside within weeks. Older children and adults with hereditary fructose intolerance have normal intelligence and apparently normal liver and kidney function. ... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... One of the most prevalent and serious depletion disorders, protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) occurs as marasmus (protein-calorie deficiency), characterized by growth failure and wasting, and as kwashiorkor (protein deficiency), characterized by tissue edema and damage. Both... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract are common and, in many cases, painful conditions that usually require surgery and may be life-threatening. They are generally associated with deposition of calculi and inflammation. (See Common sites of calculi formation, page 766.)... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Michael Ostapchuk and Michael B. Foster
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (1). There are two types of DM: type 1 and type 2.... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... A disorder of water metabolism, diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of circulating vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone) or from renal resistance to this hormone. Pituitary diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of vasopressin, whereas... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance, diabetes mellitus is characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
This condition occurs in two forms: type 1,... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Pregnancy places special demands on carbohydrate metabolism and causes the insulin requirement to increase, even in a healthy woman. Consequently, pregnancy may lead to a prediabetic state, to the conversion of an asymptomatic subclinical diabetic state to a clinical one ... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... One of the most prevalent and serious depletion disorders, protein-calorie malnutrition occurs as marasmus (protein-calorie deficiency), characterized by growth failure and wasting; and as kwashiorkor (protein deficiency), characterized by tissue edema and damage.... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract are common, typically painful conditions that usually require surgery and may be life-threatening. They’re commonly associated with deposition of calculi and inflammation. (See Common sites of... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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The finding of glycosuria should prompt one to consider first the
conditions that are associated with faulty regulation of the blood
sugar and sugar metabolism. First and foremost on that list is diabetes
mellitus. However, the differential must... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
To form a list of diagnostic possibilities in a case of hyperglycemia,
one needs only to think of the endocrine glands. Considering the pancreas
should prompt the recall of diabetes mellitus and glucagonomas. Considering
the adrenal gland... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author:
Madan Dharmar, MD
What to Do - Gather Appropriate Data
Disease in an individual is an interaction between the individual (host), the
disease-causing agent, and the environment. Each disease is unique in... Suggested Readings
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