Causes of Mulibrey Nanism syndrome
Mulibrey Nanism syndrome Causes: Book Excerpts
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As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
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Causes of Mulibrey Nanism syndrome: Online Medical Books
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Pericarditis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Common causes of this disease include:
❑ bacterial, fungal, or viral infection (infectious pericarditis)
❑ neoplasms (primary or metastatic from lungs, breasts, or other organs)
❑ high-dose radiation to the chest
❑ uremia
❑ hypersensitivity or autoimmune disease, such as acute rheumatic fever (most common cause of pericarditis in children), systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis
❑ postcardiac injury such as myocardial infarction (MI), which later causes an autoimmune reaction (Dressler’s syndrome) in the pericardium; trauma; or surgery that leaves the pericardium intact but causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity
❑ drugs, such as hydralazine or procainamide
❑ idiopathic factors (most common in acute pericarditis).
Less common causes include aortic aneurysm with pericardial leakage, and myxedema with cholesterol deposits in the pericardium.
Pericarditis most commonly affects men ages 20 to 50, but it can also occur in children following infection with an adenovirus or coxsackievirus.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Pericarditis:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Common causes of this disease include:
❑ bacterial, fungal, or viral infection (infectious pericarditis)
❑ neoplasms (primary, or metastases from lungs, breasts, or other organs)
❑ high-dose radiation to the chest
❑ uremia
❑ hypersensitivity, systemic disease, or autoimmune disease, such as acute rheumatic fever (most common cause of pericarditis in children), systemic lupus erythematosus, acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome–related disorders, or rheumatoid arthritis
❑ postcardiac injury, such as myocardial infarction (MI), which later causes an autoimmune reaction (Dressler’s syndrome) in the pericardium; trauma or surgery that leaves the pericardium intact but causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity
❑ drugs, such as hydralazine, nydrazid, phenytoin, and procainamide
❑ idiopathic factors (most common in acute pericarditis).
Less common causes include aortic aneurysm with pericardial leakage and myxedema with cholesterol deposits in the pericardium.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Pericarditis:
Pericarditis - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Fine deposits of fibrin develop next to the great vessels, leading to altered function of the membranes of the pericardium, including changes in oncotic and hydrostatic pressure with subsequent accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space.
- Effusion is defined as excessive pericardial contents secondary to inflammation, hemorrhage, exudates, air, or pus.
- In postpericardiotomy syndrome, there appears to be a nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction to the direct surgical entrance into the pericardial space.
Pericarditis - etiology
- Infectious:
- Viral: Coxsackievirus, echovirus, mumps, varicella, Epstein–Barr, adenovirus, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus
- Bacterial: Streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococcus, meningococcus, mycoplasma, tularemia, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli
- Tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterium
- Fungal: Candidiasis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis
- Parasitic: Toxoplasmosis, echinococcus, Entamoeba histolytica, rickettsia
- Rheumatologic/Inflammatory:
- Acute rheumatic fever
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Systemic sclerosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Dermatomyositis
- Kawasaki disease
- Familial Mediterranean fever
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Metabolic/Endocrine:
- Hypothyroidism
- Uremia (chemical irritation)
- Gout
- Scurvy
- Neoplastic disease:
- Lymphoma
- Lymphosarcoma
- Leukemia
- Sarcoma
- Metastatic disease to the pericardium
- Radiation therapy induced
- Postoperative:
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome (after cardiac surgery)
- Chylopericardium
- Other:
- Trauma
- Drug-induced (hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide)
- Aortic dissection
- Postmyocardial infarction
- Idiopathic
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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Symptoms of Mulibrey Nanism syndrome
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